Auwal Abdul, Hossain M Matakabbir, Pronoy Tasfik Ul Haque, Rashel K M, Nurujjaman Md, Lam Alfred Ky, Islam Farhadul
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6250, Bangladesh.
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
J Liq Biopsy. 2023 Dec 28;3:100135. doi: 10.1016/j.jlb.2023.100135. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Circulating tumour cell (CTC), a rare subpopulations of tumour cells, plays a significant role in cancer metastasis and recurrence. The current review focuses on information of CTCs detection, enrichment, genome sequencing and investigating on clinical significance of CTCs sequencing in monitoring progress of patients with cancer. Tissue biopsy is not always favorable for monitoring cancer recurrence and metastases and can be difficult and risky for the patient's condition. On the other hand, enrichment and characterization of CTC could be effective in these circumstances. Accordingly, a number of detection (physical, immunological etc.), isolation (laser capture microdissection, DEPArray Di Electro phenetic array, fluorescence-activated cell sorting etc.) and enrichment platforms (Cellsearch, MagSwepeer, CTC-Chip etc.) have been developed. In addition, technologies for phenotypic characterization and genomic profiling (Tang's method, Smart-seq, Cel-seq etc.) at single-cell level has being established followed by genomic amplification. Importantly, numerous preclinical and clinical studies showed effective prognostic and predictive implications of molecular characterization of CTCs. CTC's sequencing has been successfully used as an effective tool to monitor genomic variations in the primary and metastatic tumours, thereby could predict the therapy resistance, recurrence of tumours. The genes expression profiles, stratification of cancers as well as identify the cancer cells with potential to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could also be identified. In addition, detection of mutational variants of CTCs by genome sequencing infer the therapeutic outcome and patient's survival. Therefore, CTC sequencing has potential to be used as a liquid biopsy tool for management of patients with cancers in clinical settings.
循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）是一种罕见的肿瘤细胞亚群，在癌症转移和复发中起重要作用。本综述聚焦于CTC检测、富集、基因组测序的相关信息，以及研究CTC测序在监测癌症患者病情进展中的临床意义。组织活检并不总是有利于监测癌症复发和转移，而且对患者病情来说可能困难且有风险。另一方面，CTC的富集和表征在这些情况下可能有效。因此，已经开发了许多检测（物理、免疫等）、分离（激光捕获显微切割、DEPArray介电电泳阵列、荧光激活细胞分选等）和富集平台（Cellsearch、MagSwepeer、CTC芯片等）。此外，在单细胞水平进行表型表征和基因组分析的技术（唐式方法、Smart-seq、Cel-seq等）已经建立，随后进行基因组扩增。重要的是，大量临床前和临床研究表明CTC分子表征具有有效的预后和预测意义。CTC测序已成功用作监测原发性和转移性肿瘤基因组变异的有效工具，从而可以预测肿瘤的治疗耐药性、复发情况。还可以识别基因表达谱、癌症分层以及识别具有上皮-间质转化（EMT）潜力的癌细胞。此外，通过基因组测序检测CTC的突变变体可以推断治疗结果和患者的生存率。因此，CTC测序有潜力在临床环境中用作管理癌症患者的液体活检工具。
