Gautam Sanghmitra, Gechter Michael, Guiteras Raymond P, Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq
Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy.
Sloan School of Business, MIT, United States of America.
World Dev. 2025 Mar;187:106791. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106791.
We conduct a systematic re-analysis of intervention-based studies that promote hygienic latrines and evaluate via experimental methods. We impose systematic inclusion criteria to identify such studies and compile their microdata to harmonize outcome measures, covariates, and estimands across studies. We then re-analyze their data to report metrics that are consistently defined and measured across studies. We compare the relative effectiveness of different classes of interventions implemented in overlapping ways across four countries: community-level demand encouragement, sanitation subsidies, product information campaigns, and microcredit to finance product purchases. In the sample of studies meeting our inclusion criteria, interventions that offer financial benefits generally outperform information and education campaigns in increasing adoption of improved sanitation. Contrary to a policy concern about sustainability, financial incentives do not undermine usage of adopted latrines. Effects vary by share of women in the household, in both positive and negative directions, and differ little by poverty status.
我们对促进卫生厕所的基于干预措施的研究进行了系统的重新分析，并通过实验方法进行评估。我们制定了系统的纳入标准来识别此类研究，并汇编其微观数据，以统一各项研究中的结果指标、协变量和估计量。然后，我们重新分析这些数据，以报告在各项研究中一致定义和测量的指标。我们比较了在四个国家以重叠方式实施的不同类别的干预措施的相对有效性：社区层面的需求鼓励、卫生设施补贴、产品信息宣传活动以及为产品购买提供资金的小额信贷。在符合我们纳入标准的研究样本中，提供经济利益的干预措施在提高改善卫生设施的采用率方面通常优于信息和教育宣传活动。与对可持续性的政策担忧相反，经济激励措施不会削弱已采用厕所的使用情况。效果因家庭中女性的比例而异，既有正向影响也有负向影响，且贫困状况对其影响不大。
