Successful Treatment of a Rapidly Enlarging Mandibular Aneurysmal Bone Cyst With Sclerotherapy and Intralesional Curettage.

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone lesion primarily found in the metaphysis of long bones or spine, with rare occurrences in the head and neck region. We report the case of a 17-year-old female patient with a rapidly enlarging mandibular ABC. Initial imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of ABC, revealing a blood-filled lesion with multinucleated giant cells and no solid components. Owing to the lesion's size and rapid growth, hemimandibulectomy was initially considered but postponed due to concerns about aesthetic and functional outcomes. The patient underwent percutaneous sclerotherapy with polidocanol, followed by intralesional curettage. Post-treatment evaluations indicated complete lesion resolution and improved facial symmetry with no recurrence at 36 months. This case highlights the potential benefits of combining polidocanol sclerotherapy and intralesional curettage for the treatment of jaw ABCs. Further research is needed to determine the optimal application and follow-up of this approach.