Haryanto Budi, Jalaludin Bin, Asyary Al, Roestandy Nathaniel, Nugraha Fajar
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Research Center for Climate Change, I-SER, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Ann Glob Health. 2025 Feb 24;91(1):10. doi: 10.5334/aogh.4623. eCollection 2025.
Children in Indonesia are especially vulnerable to air pollution due to their developing respiratory systems and unique exposure patterns. As one of the top 50 nations most at risk from environmental degradation, Indonesia faces significant public health concerns, especially in rapidly urbanizing areas such as Greater Jakarta, where emissions from transportation contribute heavily to pollution. This study investigates the relationship between PM exposure and cases of asthma and pneumonia in children across Greater Jakarta's 11 cities and districts from 2020 to 2022, aiming to provide essential data for health planning and policy. The data were collected from NafasID's PM monitoring network and local health offices reporting monthly cases of asthma and pneumonia in children. Analytical methods included correlation and regression modeling to assess the association between air pollution and respiratory health across different regions. The results reveal a high number of respiratory disease, with 73,694 pneumonia and 15,825 asthma cases reported. Average PM concentration in Greater Jakarta was 42.5 µg/m, with notable variation between areas. Bekasi District recorded the highest levels, while North Jakarta was lower. Depok City showed the strongest correlation between PM and pneumonia ( = 0.61, = 0.004), indicating a sharp increase in cases with rising PM, while other areas showed weaker correlations. Asthma cases had weak-to-moderate correlations with PM, which is largely nonsignificant, suggesting complex factors beyond outdoor air pollution may influence asthma. The findings highlight the critical need for improved air quality measures and targeted public health interventions. Addressing air pollution will be vital for reducing respiratory illness and supporting child health resilience in Indonesia's urban centers.
由于呼吸系统正在发育且接触模式独特，印度尼西亚的儿童尤其容易受到空气污染的影响。作为环境退化风险最高的50个国家之一，印度尼西亚面临着重大的公共卫生问题，尤其是在大雅加达等快速城市化地区，交通排放对污染的贡献很大。本研究调查了2020年至2022年期间大雅加达11个城市和地区儿童接触细颗粒物（PM）与哮喘和肺炎病例之间的关系，旨在为卫生规划和政策提供重要数据。数据收集自NafasID的PM监测网络以及当地卫生办公室每月报告的儿童哮喘和肺炎病例。分析方法包括相关性和回归建模，以评估不同地区空气污染与呼吸健康之间的关联。结果显示呼吸道疾病数量众多，报告了73694例肺炎病例和15825例哮喘病例。大雅加达的平均PM浓度为42.5微克/立方米，不同地区之间存在显著差异。勿加泗区的浓度最高，而北雅加达较低。德波市的PM与肺炎之间的相关性最强（r = 0.61，p = 0.004），表明随着PM上升病例急剧增加，而其他地区的相关性较弱。哮喘病例与PM的相关性为弱至中度，在很大程度上不显著，这表明室外空气污染之外的复杂因素可能会影响哮喘。研究结果突出了改善空气质量措施和有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的迫切需求。解决空气污染问题对于减少呼吸道疾病和增强印度尼西亚城市中心儿童的健康恢复力至关重要。
