Rima Mariam, Dakramanji Mariam, El Hayek Elie, El Khoury Tia, Fajloun Ziad, Rima Mohamad
Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, 1300, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
Heliyon. 2025 Feb 6;11(4):e42509. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42509. eCollection 2025 Feb 28.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are critical mediators of intercellular communication and exhibit significant potential across various biomedical domains. These nano-sized, membrane-encapsulated entities have captured substantial interest due to their diverse roles in pathogenesis and promising therapeutic applications. EVs manage numerous physiological processes by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, between cells. This review delves into the factors influencing the properties of EVs, such as temperature and stress conditions, which collectively influence their size, composition, and functional attributes. We also describe the emerging roles of EVs, emphasizing their involvement in microbial interactions, immune modulation, antimicrobial resistance spread and their potential as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic instruments. Despite their promising applications, the advancement of EV-based therapies faces several challenges, which will also be discussed. By elucidating these critical elements, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the transformative potential of EVs in revolutionizing diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞间通讯的关键介质，在各个生物医学领域都展现出巨大潜力。这些纳米级的、被膜包裹的实体因其在发病机制中的多样作用和有前景的治疗应用而备受关注。EVs通过在细胞间传递生物活性分子（包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸）来调控众多生理过程。本综述深入探讨了影响EVs性质的因素，如温度和应激条件，这些因素共同影响其大小、组成和功能特性。我们还描述了EVs的新兴作用，强调它们在微生物相互作用、免疫调节、抗菌素耐药性传播中的作用以及作为创新诊断和治疗工具的潜力。尽管它们有前景广阔的应用，但基于EVs的疗法的发展仍面临一些挑战，本文也将对此进行讨论。通过阐明这些关键要素，我们旨在全面概述EVs在革新医学诊断和治疗方面的变革潜力。
