Driscoll Julia, Wehrkamp Cody, Ota Yu, Thomas Jonathan N, Yan Irene K, Patel Tushar
Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
Hepatology. 2021 Nov;74(5):2863-2875. doi: 10.1002/hep.31847. Epub 2021 Aug 30.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of biological nano-sized vesicles that are released from cells and contribute to intercellular communication. Emerging knowledge about their biogenesis, composition, release, and uptake has resulted in broad interest in elucidating their potential roles in disease pathophysiology. The distinct biological properties of these biological nanoparticles emphasize several appealing advantages for potential therapeutic applications compared with the use of synthetic nanoparticles. When administered systemically, EVs are taken up and sequestered within the liver, further emphasizing opportunities for therapeutic use. Consequently, there is growing interest in their use for liver diseases. EVs can be used directly as therapeutics, and several studies have highlighted the intrinsic therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs for chronic and acute liver diseases. Alternatively, EVs can be modified to facilitate their use for the delivery of therapeutic cargo. In this review, we discuss the cellular sources of EV, provide a concise overview of their potential use in diverse processes, and outline several promising applications for the use of EV-based therapeutics for liver diseases. The use of EV-based therapeutics provides a viable approach to target hepatic pathophysiology.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一类异质性的生物纳米级囊泡，由细胞释放，有助于细胞间通讯。关于其生物发生、组成、释放和摄取的新知识引发了人们对阐明其在疾病病理生理学中潜在作用的广泛兴趣。与使用合成纳米颗粒相比，这些生物纳米颗粒独特的生物学特性凸显了其在潜在治疗应用中的几个诱人优势。当全身给药时，EVs会被肝脏摄取并滞留，这进一步凸显了其治疗应用的机会。因此，人们对其在肝脏疾病中的应用兴趣日益浓厚。EVs可直接用作治疗剂，多项研究强调了间充质干细胞衍生的EVs对慢性和急性肝脏疾病的内在治疗特性。此外，EVs可进行修饰，以方便其用于递送治疗性物质。在本综述中，我们讨论了EVs的细胞来源，简要概述了它们在不同过程中的潜在用途，并概述了基于EVs的治疗方法在肝脏疾病中的几个有前景的应用。基于EVs的治疗方法为靶向肝脏病理生理学提供了一种可行的途径。
