Aydemir Mustafa, Makaracı Yücel, Avcı Bahattin, Ürkmez Yeşim Civil, Cintineo Harry P
Department of Sports Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
J Strength Cond Res. 2025 May 1;39(5):e676-e683. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000005055. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
Aydemir, M, Makaracı, Y, Avcı, B, Ürkmez, YC, and Cintineo, HP. The psychophysiologic stress and salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase awakening responses to cross-country running competitions in national-level female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e676-e683, 2025-Cross-country running, characterized by diverse terrains and environmental conditions, primarily emphasizes individual performance, though team-oriented strategies are also used. This study aimed to examine psychophysiologic stress, anxiety, and race performance of elite female athletes during national cross-country running competitions. Twelve elite-level female cross-country runners were recruited to undergo psychophysiologic state using salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels (pre- and postrace) across 2 consecutive rounds of varying difficulty and significance (round 1 and final round). In addition, cortisol and alpha-amylase awakening responses (CAR and AAAR), and state anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-I) were assessed on both precompetition and competition days during each round. The findings revealed significant increases in precompetition day AAAR, pre- and postrace cortisol, and postrace alpha-amylase levels in the final round compared with those in round 1 ( p < 0.05). Mean race time was also faster in the final round than in round 1 ( p < 0.05). Pre- and postrace cortisol levels were correlated with race time in round 1 ( r = 0.554; r = 0.594), but not in the final round ( p > 0.05). Increased cortisol emerged as a potential indicator of race difficulty and predictors of success in cross-country running. Coaches and athletes may benefit from monitoring cortisol levels to optimize performance during competitions with fluctuating conditions. Further research using saliva analysis as a noninvasive tool for assessing psychophysiologic parameters surrounding competition is warranted in larger samples across various endurance sports, though the data presented here provide a unique view of these responses.
艾登米尔、M、马卡拉奇、Y、阿夫cı、B、于尔克梅兹、YC和辛蒂内奥、HP。国家级女运动员越野赛跑比赛中的心理生理应激、唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶觉醒反应。《力量与体能研究杂志》39(5): e676 - e683，2025年——越野赛跑以多样的地形和环境条件为特征，主要强调个人表现，不过也会采用团队导向的策略。本研究旨在考察精英女运动员在全国越野赛跑比赛期间的心理生理应激、焦虑和比赛成绩。招募了12名精英级别的女子越野赛跑运动员，在连续两轮难度和重要性不同的比赛（第1轮和决赛轮）中，通过唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶水平（赛前和赛后）来评估心理生理状态。此外，在每一轮比赛的赛前和比赛日，还评估了皮质醇和α-淀粉酶觉醒反应（CAR和AAAR）以及状态焦虑（状态和特质焦虑量表-I）。研究结果显示，与第1轮相比，决赛轮赛前的AAAR、赛前和赛后的皮质醇以及赛后的α-淀粉酶水平均显著升高（p < 0.05）。决赛轮的平均比赛时间也比第1轮更快（p < 0.05）。第1轮赛前和赛后的皮质醇水平与比赛时间相关（r = 0.554；r = 0.594），但在决赛轮中不相关（p > 0.05）。皮质醇升高成为越野赛跑比赛难度的潜在指标和成功的预测因素。教练和运动员通过监测皮质醇水平，可能有助于在条件多变的比赛中优化表现。尽管本文提供了这些反应的独特视角，但有必要在更大样本的各种耐力运动中，进一步开展将唾液分析作为评估比赛周围心理生理参数的非侵入性工具的研究。
