Shih Yun-Sheng, Velusamy Arulmozhi, Kuan Chun-Hsiao, Huang Pei-Yu, Kuo Che-Hsin, Zeng De-You, Liu Cheng-Liang, Hong Shao-Huan, Jiang Xianyuan, Chen Ming-Chou, Diau Eric Wei-Guang
Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.
Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
Small. 2025 May;21(19):e2500642. doi: 10.1002/smll.202500642. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
Six novel organic small molecules, TPA-Sp-PA (1), TPA-Sp-PE (1E), TPA-T-PA (2), TPA-T-PE (2E), TPA-P-PA (3) and TPA-P-PE (3E) are developed and applied to NiOx films as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). The linker between acceptor (phosphonic acid (PA) or phosphonic ester (PE)) and donor (triphenylamine (TPA)) plays an important role in facilitating the growth of high-quality perovskite films using a two-step method. Three different types of linkers, phenyl ring (P), thiophene (T), and selenophene (Sp), are studied, for which the Sp-based SAMs provide the best device performance with TPA-Sp-PE (1E) achieving a PCE 8.7%, and its acidic analog, TPA-Sp-PA (1), reaching a maximum PCE of 8.3%. Single crystal structures of TPA-Sp-PE (1E) and TPA-T-PE (2E) are successfully obtained, with the expectation that a uniform SAM would form on the NiOx/ITO substrate. The research introduces a novel approach to enhance TPSC performance by integrating organic SAMs with NiOx HTMs, offering a promising avenue for future progress in TPSC technology through a two-step fabrication technique.
六种新型有机小分子，即TPA-Sp-PA（1）、TPA-Sp-PE（1E）、TPA-T-PA（2）、TPA-T-PE（2E）、TPA-P-PA（3）和TPA-P-PE（3E）被开发出来，并作为自组装单分子层（SAMs）应用于镍氧化物薄膜，用于锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池（TPSCs）。受体（膦酸（PA）或膦酸酯（PE））与供体（三苯胺（TPA））之间的连接基在使用两步法促进高质量钙钛矿薄膜的生长中起着重要作用。研究了三种不同类型的连接基，即苯环（P）、噻吩（T）和硒吩（Sp），其中基于Sp的SAMs提供了最佳的器件性能，TPA-Sp-PE（1E）的光电转换效率（PCE）达到8.7%，其酸性类似物TPA-Sp-PA（1）的最大PCE达到8.3%。成功获得了TPA-Sp-PE（1E）和TPA-T-PE（2E）的单晶结构，期望在NiOx/ITO衬底上形成均匀的SAM。该研究引入了一种通过将有机SAM与NiOx空穴传输材料集成来提高TPSC性能的新方法，为通过两步制造技术在TPSC技术上取得未来进展提供了一条有前景的途径。
