Raimondi Vincenzo, Storti Paola, Vescovini Rosanna, Franceschi Valentina, Toscani Denise, Notarfranchi Laura, Dalla Palma Anna Benedetta, Iannozzi Nicolas Thomas, Minesso Sergio, Scita Matteo, Lungu Oxana, Dessena Mattia, Donofrio Gaetano, Giuliani Nicola
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2025 Feb 18;16:1532947. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532947. eCollection 2025.
The stability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially concerning the cross-reactive recognition of the Omicron variant, remains incompletely characterized in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This study evaluated humoral responses in 29 MM patients and cellular responses in a subset of 19 MM patients, specific to Wuhan and Omicron spike proteins, between 16 and 26 weeks following the third vaccine dose. After 26 weeks, we highlighted a significant reduction in the neutralizing antibodies to both spikes and the percentages of IFN-γCD107a spike-specific CD8 T cells. On the other hand, patients who underwent an additional stimulation between the two time points, through either a fourth vaccine dose or breakthrough infection, showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies and stable levels of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Additionally, those with only three doses experienced a higher rate of breakthrough infections during the 32-week follow-up period. These findings underscore the waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time and may help benefit-risk evaluation in vaccination strategies in MM patients.
在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者中，针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的免疫反应稳定性，尤其是关于对奥密克戎变异株的交叉反应性识别，仍未得到充分表征。本研究评估了29例MM患者的体液反应以及19例MM患者亚组的细胞反应，这些反应针对第三次疫苗接种后16至26周的武汉株和奥密克戎株刺突蛋白。26周后，我们发现针对两种刺突蛋白的中和抗体以及IFN-γCD107a刺突特异性CD8 T细胞百分比显著降低。另一方面，在两个时间点之间通过第四次疫苗接种或突破性感染进行额外刺激的患者，其中和抗体显著增加，细胞毒性CD8 T细胞水平稳定。此外，仅接种三剂疫苗的患者在32周随访期内突破性感染率更高。这些发现强调了疫苗诱导的免疫力会随时间减弱，并可能有助于MM患者疫苗接种策略的获益风险评估。
