Hedaoo Ketan, Sinha Mallika, Chauhan Bhanu Pratap Singh, Bajaj Jitin, Ratre Shailendra, Swamy M N, Parihar Vijay, Shakya Jitendra, Sharma Mukesh, Patidar Jayant, Yadav Yad Ram
Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Asian J Neurosurg. 2024 Oct 10;20(1):1-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1791713. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Neuroendoscopy can be learnt by assisting or doing live human surgery, cadaver dissection with or without augmented pulsatile vessel and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfusion, and practicing on live animal, dead animal model, synthetic models, three-dimensional printing model with or without augmentation with animal, cadaver tissue, pulsatile vessel and reconstructed CSF model, virtual reality (VR) simulator, and hybrid simulators (combined physical model and VR model). Neurosurgery skill laboratory with basic and advanced learning should be there in all teaching hospitals. Skills can be transferred from simulation model or VR to cadaver to live surgery. Staged learning (first with simple model to learn basic endoscopic technique, then animal model, and then augmented cadavers) is the preferred method of learning. Although most surveys favor live surgery and practice on animal models and cadavers as the most preferred training model now, in future VR may also become a favored method of learning. This article is based on our experience in over 10,000 neuroendoscopic surgeries, and feedback from over 950 neuroendoscopic fellows or consultants who attended workshops conducted every 6 monthly since 2010. A literature search was done on PubMed and Google Scholar using (neuroendoscopy) AND (learning), and (neuroendoscopy) AND (training), which resulted in 121 and 213 results, respectively. Out of them, 77 articles were finally selected for this article. Most of the training programs typically focus on microneurosurgical training. There is lack of learning facilities for neuroendoscopy in most centers. Learning of neuroendoscopy differs greatly from microneurosurgery; switching from microneurosurgery to neuroendoscopy can be challenging. Postgraduate training centers should have well-equipped neuroendoscopy skill laboratory and the surgical educational curriculum should include neuroendoscopy training. Learning endoscopy is about taking advantages of the technique and overcoming the limitations of endoscopy by continuous training.
神经内镜检查可以通过协助或参与真人手术、进行有或无增强搏动血管及脑脊液（CSF）灌注的尸体解剖、在活体动物、死亡动物模型、合成模型、有或无动物、尸体组织、搏动血管及重建CSF模型增强的三维打印模型、虚拟现实（VR）模拟器以及混合模拟器（物理模型与VR模型相结合）上进行练习来学习。所有教学医院都应设有具备基础和高级学习功能的神经外科技能实验室。技能可以从模拟模型或VR转移到尸体再到活体手术。分阶段学习（首先使用简单模型学习基本内镜技术，然后是动物模型，再然后是增强尸体模型）是首选的学习方法。尽管目前大多数调查都倾向于将活体手术以及在动物模型和尸体上练习作为最优选的训练模式，但未来VR也可能成为一种受欢迎的学习方法。本文基于我们在10000多例神经内镜手术中的经验，以及自2010年以来每6个月参加一次研讨会的950多名神经内镜学员或顾问的反馈。在PubMed和谷歌学术上使用（神经内镜检查）和（学习）以及（神经内镜检查）和（培训）进行文献检索，分别得到121条和213条结果。其中，最终为本文挑选了77篇文章。大多数培训项目通常侧重于显微神经外科培训。大多数中心缺乏神经内镜检查的学习设施。神经内镜检查的学习与显微神经外科有很大不同；从显微神经外科转向神经内镜检查可能具有挑战性。研究生培训中心应设有设备完善的神经内镜技能实验室，并且外科教育课程应包括神经内镜检查培训。学习内镜检查就是要利用该技术的优势，并通过持续培训克服内镜检查的局限性。
