Khera Shakti, Kumar Prakash, Tripathi Shashi Bhushan, Jacob Sherry Racheal, Kumar Dinesh, Singh Charan, Bhardwaj Rakesh, Ahlawat Sudhir Pal, Rana Jai Chand, Riar Amritbir
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Pusa, New Delhi, India.
TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India.
Front Nutr. 2025 Feb 18;12:1480708. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1480708. eCollection 2025.
Barley serves as a crucial feed crop and is also utilized for baking, malting, and brewing purposes. In India, the consistent demand for malting-type barley has not been met due to the lack of suitable varieties. This study evaluated 136 barley germplasm accessions for diversity in biochemical and agro-morphological traits. The accessions were grown in Augmented Block Design and biochemical estimations were carried out using official and standard methods. The accessions exhibited substantial biochemical diversity with protein content (PC) ranging from 8.6 to 17.4%, starch content (SC) from 32.4 to 60.3%, amylose content (AC) from 13.3 to 19.3%, -glucan content (βgC) from 1.31 to 6.06%, and total phenol content (TPC) from 8.6 to 17.4%. The agro-morphological traits also displayed considerable variation, with days to spike emergence (DSE) ranging from 74 to 124 days, days to physiological maturity (DPM) from 119 to 147 days, plant height (PH) from 82 to 165 cm, spike length (SL) from 5 to 11 cm, spikelet triplet groups (STG) per spike from 13 to 35, grain number per spike (GNS) from 15 to 71, hundred-grain weight (HGW) from 2 to 6.7 grams, and grain yield per meter row (GY) from 13.7 to 236.3 grams. Multivariate analyses, including the Mantel test, Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were conducted. No significant correlation was observed between biochemical and agro-morphological traits. However, significant positive correlations were found between SC and AC ( = 0.48) and βgC with PC ( = 0.2). Significant negative correlations were observed between SC and PC ( = -0.41) and AC with PC ( = -0.4). Highly significant positive correlations were observed between DSE and DPM ( = 0.55), GY and PH ( = 0.29), PH and DPM ( = 0.2), and HGW and SL ( = 0.25). The GWL was significantly positively correlated with βgC ( = 0.257) and significantly negatively correlated with TPC ( = -0.235). Apart from Grain Width to Length Ratio (GWL), no other agro-morphological trait was significantly correlated with any biochemical trait. Various accessions suitable for malting, human food, and cattle feed applications were identified.
大麦是一种重要的饲料作物，也用于烘焙、制麦芽和酿造。在印度，由于缺乏合适的品种，对麦芽型大麦的持续需求尚未得到满足。本研究评估了136份大麦种质资源在生化和农艺形态性状方面的多样性。这些种质资源采用增广区组设计种植，并使用官方标准方法进行生化测定。这些种质资源表现出显著的生化多样性，蛋白质含量（PC）范围为8.6%至17.4%，淀粉含量（SC）为32.4%至60.3%，直链淀粉含量（AC）为13.3%至19.3%，β-葡聚糖含量（βgC）为1.31%至6.06%，总酚含量（TPC）为8.6%至17.4%。农艺形态性状也表现出相当大的变异，穗抽出天数（DSE）范围为74至124天，生理成熟天数（DPM）为119至147天，株高（PH）为82至165厘米，穗长（SL）为5至11厘米，每穗小穗三联体组数（STG）为13至35，每穗粒数（GNS）为15至71，百粒重（HGW）为2至6.7克，每行每米籽粒产量（GY）为13.7至236.3克。进行了多变量分析，包括Mantel检验、Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）。生化性状和农艺形态性状之间未观察到显著相关性。然而，发现SC与AC之间存在显著正相关（=0.48），βgC与PC之间存在显著正相关（=0.2）。观察到SC与PC之间存在显著负相关（= -0.41），AC与PC之间存在显著负相关（= -0.4）。观察到DSE与DPM之间存在极显著正相关（=0.55），GY与PH之间存在显著正相关（=0.29），PH与DPM之间存在显著正相关（=0.2），HGW与SL之间存在显著正相关（=0.25）。籽粒宽长比（GWL）与βgC存在显著正相关（=0.257），与TPC存在显著负相关（= -0.235）。除籽粒宽长比（GWL）外，没有其他农艺形态性状与任何生化性状存在显著相关性。鉴定出了各种适合用于制麦芽、人类食品和牛饲料的种质资源。
