Crockford Jasper F E, Guan Dylan X, Einstein Gillian, Ballard Clive, Creese Byron, Corbett Anne, Pickering Ellie, Bloomfield Adam, Roach Pamela, Smith Eric E, Ismail Zahinoor
University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 5;20(3):e0301165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301165. eCollection 2025.
Recent evidence suggests the experience of menopausal symptoms (i.e., perimenopausal symptoms) may be associated with cognitive and behavioural changes. We investigated these two relationships in a sample of postmenopausal females.
Cross-sectional observational study.
Participant data was collected from the Canadian Platform for Research Online to Investigate Health, Quality of Life, Cognition, Behaviour, Function, and Caregiving in Aging (CAN-PROTECT) study.
896 postmenopausal female participants.
Menopausal symptom burden was operationalized by summing the total number of recalled perimenopausal symptoms experienced. Cognitive function was measured using the Everyday Cognition (ECog-II) Scale, with higher scores reflecting greater severity. Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) was measured using the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C), with higher scores reflecting greater severity. A negative-binomial regression model examined the relationship between menopausal symptom burden and cognitive function, while a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model examined the relationship between menopausal symptom burden and MBI symptoms. Models adjusted for age, years of education, age of menopausal onset, type of menopause, and hormone therapy (HT). Age of menopausal onset and use of HT in the two associations were investigated with moderation analyses.
Greater menopausal symptom burden was associated with higher ECog-II total scores (b [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 5.37 [2.85, 7.97]) and higher MBI-C total scores (b [95% CI] = 6.09 [2.50, 9.80]). Use of HT did not significantly associate with ECog-II total scores (b [95% CI] = -10.98 [-25.33, 6.35]), however, HT was significantly associated with lower MBI-C total scores (b [95% CI] = -26.90 [-43.35, -5.67]).
Menopausal symptom burden is associated with poorer cognitive function and more MBI symptoms in mid- to late life. HT may help mitigate symptoms of MBI. These findings suggest that the experience of menopause may indicate susceptibility to cognitive and behavioural changes, both markers of dementia.
最近的证据表明，更年期症状（即围绝经期症状）的经历可能与认知和行为变化有关。我们在一组绝经后女性样本中研究了这两种关系。
横断面观察性研究。
参与者数据来自加拿大在线研究健康、生活质量、认知、行为、功能和衰老护理平台（CAN-PROTECT）研究。
896名绝经后女性参与者。
通过汇总回忆起的围绝经期症状总数来衡量更年期症状负担。使用日常认知（ECog-II）量表测量认知功能，得分越高表明严重程度越高。使用轻度行为障碍清单（MBI-C）测量轻度行为障碍（MBI），得分越高表明严重程度越高。负二项回归模型检验更年期症状负担与认知功能之间的关系，而零膨胀负二项回归模型检验更年期症状负担与MBI症状之间的关系。模型对年龄、受教育年限、绝经开始年龄、绝经类型和激素治疗（HT）进行了调整。通过调节分析研究了这两种关联中绝经开始年龄和HT的使用情况。
更年期症状负担越重，ECog-II总分越高（b [置信区间（CI）95%] = 5.37 [2.85, 7.97]），MBI-C总分越高（b [95% CI] = 6.09 [2.50, 9.80]）。HT的使用与ECog-II总分无显著关联（b [95% CI] = -10.98 [-25.33, 6.35]），然而，HT与较低的MBI-C总分显著相关（b [95% CI] = -26.90 [-43.35, -5.67]）。
更年期症状负担与中老年时期较差的认知功能和更多的MBI症状有关。HT可能有助于减轻MBI症状。这些发现表明，更年期经历可能表明易出现认知和行为变化，这两者都是痴呆症的标志物。
