Geng Chen, Wu Xinyuan, Wang Tao, Fu Hongbo
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Feb 19;13:1540166. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1540166. eCollection 2025.
Combustion is an important source of indoor emissions, and exposure to combustion emissions not only concerns the quality of life of individuals but also directly affects the overall health level of society. To date, very few studies have examined the size-resolved emission characteristics of airborne particulate matter (PM) emitted from indoor sources. The study examined PM emissions from the specified combustion sources. PM concentrations and emission factors for metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed under identical burning durations. Particle size distributions were determined, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) components were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. Health risk assessments were conducted to identify major carcinogenic risks among the emitted components. The results revealed distinct trends in PM concentrations and emission factors among the combustion sources, with cigarettes exhibiting the highest levels followed by mosquito coils and candles. The peak diameters of PM number concentration were found to be 68.5 nm for mosquito coils, 105.5 nm for cigarettes, and 201.7 nm for candles. Fine fraction (PM) had significantly higher emission factors than coarse fraction (PM), with the highest emission factor observed within the particle range of 0.18-0.32 μm. DOM from burning mosquito coils and cigarettes comprised two primary components: a protein-like (C1) and a humus-like (C2) fluorescent component. Health risk assessments indicated that chromium and benzo[a]pyrene posed the greatest carcinogenic risks among metals and PAHs in typical indoor combustion environments. Our results were primarily helpful to determine the characteristics of the PM from combustion emissions and also significant to ensure public health protection, especially for people who usually spend time indoors.
燃烧是室内排放的一个重要来源，接触燃烧排放物不仅关乎个人的生活质量，还直接影响社会的整体健康水平。迄今为止，很少有研究考察室内源排放的空气颗粒物（PM）按粒径解析的排放特征。该研究考察了特定燃烧源的PM排放。在相同燃烧持续时间下分析了金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）的PM浓度及排放因子。测定了粒径分布，并使用荧光光谱对溶解有机物（DOM）成分进行了表征。进行了健康风险评估，以确定排放成分中的主要致癌风险。结果显示，各燃烧源的PM浓度和排放因子呈现出明显的趋势，香烟的浓度和排放因子最高，其次是蚊香和蜡烛。蚊香的PM数量浓度峰值直径为68.5纳米，香烟为105.5纳米，蜡烛为201.7纳米。细颗粒物（PM）的排放因子显著高于粗颗粒物（PM），在0.18 - 0.32微米的粒径范围内排放因子最高。燃烧蚊香和香烟产生的DOM包含两个主要成分：类蛋白（C1）和类腐殖质（C2）荧光成分。健康风险评估表明，在典型的室内燃烧环境中，铬和苯并[a]芘在金属和PAHs中构成的致癌风险最大。我们的结果主要有助于确定燃烧排放物中PM的特征，对于确保公众健康保护也具有重要意义，特别是对于那些通常在室内度过时间的人。
