Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 1;310:119795. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119795. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
While the health impacts of larger particulate matter, such as PM and PM, have been studied extensively, research regarding ultrafine particles (UFPs or PM) and particle surface area concentration (PSC) is lacking. This case-crossover study assessed the associations between exposure to PSC and UFP number concentration (UFPnc) and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in New York State (NYS), 2013-2018. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to compare the PSC and UFPnc levels between hospitalization days and control days (similar days without admissions) for each CVD case. We utilized NYS hospital discharge data to identify all CVD cases who resided in NYS. UFP simulation data from GEOS-Chem-APM, a state-of-the-art chemical transport model, was used to define PSC and UFPnc. Using a multi-pollutant model and conditional logistic regression, we assessed excess risk (ER)% per inter-quartile change of PSC and UFPnc after controlling for meteorological factors, co-pollutants, and time-varying variables. We found immediate and lasting associations between PSC and overall CVDs (lag0-lag0-6: ERs% (95% CI%) ranges: 0.4 (0.1,0.7) - 0.9 (0.7-1.2), and delayed and prolonged ERs%: 0.1-0.3 (95% CIs: 0.1-0.5) between UFPnc and CVDs (lag0-3-lag0-6). Exposure to larger PSC was associated with immediate ER increases in stroke, hypertension, and ischemic heart diseases (1.1%, 0.7%, 0.8%, respectively, all p < 0.05). The adverse effects of PSC on CVDs were highest among children (5-17 years old), in the fall and winter, and during cold temperatures. In conclusion, we found an immediate, lasting effects of PSC on overall CVDs and a delayed, prolonged impact of UFPnc. PSC was a more sensitive indicator than UFPnc. The PSC effects were higher among certain CVD subtypes, in children, in certain seasons, and during cold days. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and evaluate the long-term effects.
虽然已经对较大的颗粒物（如 PM 和 PM）对健康的影响进行了广泛的研究，但关于超细颗粒（UFPs 或 PM）和颗粒表面积浓度（PSC）的研究还很缺乏。本病例交叉研究评估了 2013 年至 2018 年期间，纽约州（NYS）PSC 和 UFP 数浓度（UFPnc）暴露与心血管疾病（CVD）住院之间的关联。我们使用时间分层病例交叉设计，比较了每个 CVD 病例住院日和对照日（无入院的相似日）之间的 PSC 和 UFPnc 水平。我们利用 NYS 医院出院数据确定了所有居住在 NYS 的 CVD 病例。GEOS-Chem-APM 的 UFP 模拟数据，一种先进的化学传输模型，用于定义 PSC 和 UFPnc。使用多污染物模型和条件逻辑回归，我们在控制气象因素、共污染物和时变变量后，评估了 PSC 和 UFPnc 每四分位距变化的超额风险（ER）%。我们发现 PSC 与总体 CVDs 之间存在即时和持续的关联（lag0-lag0-6：ERs%（95% CI%）范围：0.4（0.1，0.7）-0.9（0.7-1.2），而 UFPnc 与 CVDs 之间存在延迟和延长的 ERs%：0.1-0.3（95% CIs：0.1-0.5）（lag0-3-lag0-6）。较大的 PSC 暴露与中风、高血压和缺血性心脏病的即时 ER 增加有关（分别为 1.1%、0.7%和 0.8%，均 p<0.05）。PSC 对 CVD 的不利影响在儿童（5-17 岁）、秋季和冬季以及寒冷天气中最高。总之，我们发现 PSC 对总体 CVDs 有即时和持久的影响，UFPnc 有延迟和延长的影响。PSC 比 UFPnc 更敏感。在某些 CVD 亚型、儿童、某些季节和寒冷天气中，PSC 的影响更高。需要进一步的研究来验证我们的发现并评估长期影响。
