Fretes Gabriela, Veliz Paula, Narvaez Ana Maria, Williams D'Arcy, Sibille Romain, Arts Maaike, Leroy Jef L
Nutrition, Diets and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
United Nations Children's Fund, Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Jan 13;9(2):104545. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104545. eCollection 2025 Feb.
With growing access to electronic devices and time spent online, the food and beverage industry increasingly uses digital media to market unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages (high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and/or salt and often highly processed) to children and adolescents. We conducted a narrative review of the global evidence on digital marketing of these foods and drinks and studied policies and regulations in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Evidence was limited to a few high, upper-middle and lower-middle income countries where children and adolescents were found to be extensively exposed to the digital marketing of unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages and this exposure increased with age. A wide range of purposefully designed marketing techniques were used. Exposure to the digital marketing of unhealthy foods appears to be followed by increased consumption, but the quality of the evidence was limited. Accurate assessment of exposure was a shortcoming in most studies. Stronger evidence will require studies with more rigorous designs that minimize confounding and objectively quantify individual exposure. Mandatory comprehensive policies are needed that limit exposure of children and adolescents to the marketing of unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages irrespective of the medium or platform they use. The experience of LAC countries may provide insights for the development of effective policies in other countries. Novel technologies that can be used by governments to monitor digital marketing regulations are needed.
随着电子设备的普及以及人们上网时间的增加，食品饮料行业越来越多地利用数字媒体向儿童和青少年推销不健康食品和非酒精饮料（富含不健康脂肪、糖和/或盐，且通常经过高度加工）。我们对全球有关这些食品和饮料数字营销的证据进行了叙述性综述，并研究了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）国家的政策法规。证据仅限于少数高收入、中高收入和中低收入国家，在这些国家，儿童和青少年被发现广泛接触到不健康食品和非酒精饮料的数字营销，且这种接触随着年龄的增长而增加。使用了一系列专门设计的营销技巧。接触不健康食品的数字营销似乎会导致消费增加，但证据质量有限。在大多数研究中，对接触情况的准确评估是一个不足之处。需要进行设计更严谨的研究，以尽量减少混杂因素并客观量化个体接触情况，从而获得更有力的证据。需要制定强制性综合政策，限制儿童和青少年接触不健康食品和非酒精饮料的营销，无论他们使用何种媒介或平台。拉丁美洲和加勒比地区国家的经验可能为其他国家制定有效政策提供见解。需要政府能够用来监测数字营销法规的新技术。
