塔拉戈纳省（西班牙加泰罗尼亚）城乡老年人的健康状况、生活方式和生活质量：一项横断面描述性研究。
Health status, lifestyle and quality of life in older adults of rural and urban areas of Tarragona province (Catalonia, Spain): a cross-sectional descriptive study.
作者信息
Jiménez-Ten Hoevel C, Queral J, Besora-Moreno M, Tarro L, Sospedra-Senar A, Tomàs-Piqueras J, Sepúlveda C, Valls R M, Pedret A, Solà R, Llauradó E
机构信息
Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain.
Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Avda, Josep Laporte 2, Reus, 43204, Spain.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 6;25(1):895. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22045-3.
BACKGROUND
People over 60 years old represent 26.5% of the world's population, and enhancing health emerges as an opportunity. Thus, this study aims to describe and compare the health status (sarcopenia parameters), lifestyles, quality of life, and malnutrition risk of older adults from rural and urban areas of Tarragona province (Catalonia, Spain).
METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional study comparing rural and urban areas of Tarragona province, including 14 of 61 villages as rural areas (500- ≤ 2,000 inhabitants) and 5 of 8 cities as urban areas (≥ 20,000 inhabitants). The variables assessed were: sarcopenia parameters (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) and lifestyles (diet, physical activity, sleep quality), quality of life and risk of malnutrition. A total of 291 older adults, n = 189 (rural areas) and n = 102 (urban areas), including 80% women with a mean age of 67.37 (rural areas) and 69.12 (urban areas), were studied.
RESULTS
The mean of muscle mass (kg) is higher in men from rural areas (57.59 ± 7.01 vs. 53.48 ± 6.82; p = 0.047) than in urban areas. Compared with urban areas, more people from rural areas accomplish the recommendations of consumption of fruits and vegetables (13.8% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.019), and dairy products (95.8% vs. 88.2%; p = 0.015) along with their high-intensity physical activity (76.7% vs. 65%; p = 0.046). Additionally, in rural areas, more people presented better sleep and quality of life, including physical and emotional roles dimensions, than the urban areas individuals (p ≤ 0.05). No difference among groups was shown in nutritional status.
CONCLUSION
Sarcopenia parameters of urban and rural older adults are similar, except for the highest muscle mass of older adults from rural areas compared to urban ones. In addition, older adults living in rural areas show healthier lifestyles and better quality of life than urban individuals, reinforcing the importance of adapting actions according to the people's environment.
背景
60岁以上的人群占世界人口的26.5%，促进健康成为一个契机。因此，本研究旨在描述和比较西班牙加泰罗尼亚塔拉戈纳省农村和城市地区老年人的健康状况（肌肉减少症参数）、生活方式、生活质量和营养不良风险。
方法
本研究为一项比较塔拉戈纳省农村和城市地区的横断面研究，其中农村地区包括61个村庄中的14个（500 - ≤2000名居民），城市地区包括8个城市中的5个（≥20000名居民）。评估的变量包括：肌肉减少症参数（肌肉量、肌肉力量和身体机能）、生活方式（饮食、身体活动、睡眠质量）、生活质量和营养不良风险。共研究了291名老年人，其中n = 189名（农村地区），n = 102名（城市地区），包括80%的女性，农村地区老年人的平均年龄为67.37岁，城市地区为69.12岁。
结果
农村地区男性的平均肌肉量（kg）高于城市地区（57.59 ± 7.01 vs. 53.48 ± 6.82；p = 0.047）。与城市地区相比，农村地区更多的人达到了水果和蔬菜（13.8% vs. 4.9%；p = 0.019）以及乳制品（95.8% vs. 88.2%；p = 0.015）的推荐摄入量，同时他们进行高强度身体活动的比例也更高（76.7% vs. 65%；p = 0.046）。此外，农村地区比城市地区有更多的人睡眠和生活质量更好，包括身体和情感方面（p≤0.05）。各群体之间在营养状况方面没有差异。
结论
除农村地区老年人的肌肉量高于城市地区外，农村和城市老年人的肌肉减少症参数相似。此外，农村地区的老年人比城市地区的老年人生活方式更健康，生活质量更高，这进一步强调了根据人们所处环境调整行动的重要性。
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