Ruffle J M, Snider M T, Rosenberger J L, Latta W B
Br J Anaesth. 1985 Jun;57(6):607-11. doi: 10.1093/bja/57.6.607.
The cardiopulmonary and anaesthetic responses of nine healthy volunteers, breathing concentrations of 1-4% halothane in oxygen, were studied. Supine fasting subjects breathing room air exhaled to residual volume and then inhaled a vital capacity breath of 1, 2, 3 or 4% halothane in oxygen. After a breath-hold of 30-90 s they exhaled and then breathed spontaneously the same anaesthetic mixture for up to 2 min. The electrocardiogram, arterial pressure, heart sounds and arterial oxygen saturation, were monitored, and respiratory gases were analysed by mass spectrometry. The maximum effect was seen after breathing 4% halothane. All volunteers were amnesic after the first breath and unresponsive to command after 2 min. Little or no excitement occurred. A maximum decrease of 12 mm Hg in systolic pressure was seen while breathing 4% halothane. Bradycardia, hypoxia and clinically important hypercarbia did not occur. At all inspired concentrations of halothane, the end-tidal halothane concentration increased rapidly and was 30% of the inspired value after 1 min. No volunteer found this technique to be unpleasant. Rapid induction of general anaesthesia with 2-4% halothane in oxygen is effective, safe and well accepted by healthy young adults.
研究了9名健康志愿者在吸入含1%-4%氟烷的氧气时的心肺和麻醉反应。空腹仰卧的受试者先呼吸室内空气至残气量，然后吸入含1%、2%、3%或4%氟烷的氧气的肺活量。屏气30-90秒后，他们呼气，然后自主呼吸相同的麻醉混合气长达2分钟。监测心电图、动脉压、心音和动脉血氧饱和度，并通过质谱分析呼吸气体。吸入4%氟烷后出现最大效应。所有志愿者在第一次呼吸后均出现遗忘，2分钟后对指令无反应。几乎没有兴奋现象发生。吸入4%氟烷时，收缩压最大下降12毫米汞柱。未出现心动过缓、低氧血症和具有临床意义的高碳酸血症。在所有吸入的氟烷浓度下，呼气末氟烷浓度迅速升高，1分钟后为吸入值的30%。没有志愿者觉得这项技术不舒服。用2%-4%氟烷的氧气快速诱导全身麻醉对健康的年轻人有效、安全且易于接受。
