Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh, Ardakani Tayebe Shojaddni, Shirazi Maryam
PhD, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
MSc, Department of Midwifery, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2025 Jan 15;30(1):11-17. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_274_23. eCollection 2025 Jan-Feb.
Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) is an important indicator affecting pregnancy outcome, and thyroid hormones are also weight regulators. Researchers showed that thyroid hormones were correlated to prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and GWG. However, the normal ranges of thyroid parameters and GWG depend on the trimester of measurement. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the association between thyroid function tests and prepregnancy BMI and GWG.
This review was finally conducted on nine articles, while Google Scholar and databases such as Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched to find English articles from October 2022 to June 2023.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was positively correlated with prepregnancy BMI, while Free Thyroxine (FT4) was inversely correlated. TSH was positively related to weight gain and BMI in the first trimester, while the relationship was negative for FT4. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) had a positive relationship with BMI in the first trimester (p = 0.004). Furthermore, TSH level was not associated with GWG in the second and third trimesters, while FT4 was inversely correlated with GWG. FT3 also increased with BMI in the second trimester and not in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a positive correlation between thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies values and prepregnancy BMI as well as maternal BMI, but the data were inconsistent.
Determining the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and prepregnancy BMI and/or GWG may help researchers and clinicians manage weight gain and/or thyroid function in pregnancy.
孕期体重增加（GWG）是影响妊娠结局的重要指标，甲状腺激素也是体重调节因子。研究人员表明，甲状腺激素与孕前体重指数（BMI）和GWG相关。然而，甲状腺参数和GWG的正常范围取决于测量的孕期。因此，我们系统地回顾了目前关于甲状腺功能测试与孕前BMI和GWG之间关联的知识。
本综述最终纳入了9篇文章，同时检索了谷歌学术以及Scopus、Medline、Cochrane图书馆、ISI科学网、Science Direct和ProQuest等数据库，以查找2022年10月至2023年6月期间的英文文章。
促甲状腺激素（TSH）与孕前BMI呈正相关，而游离甲状腺素（FT4）呈负相关。TSH在孕早期与体重增加和BMI呈正相关，而FT4则呈负相关。游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）在孕早期与BMI呈正相关（p = 0.004）。此外，TSH水平在孕中期和孕晚期与GWG无关，而FT4与GWG呈负相关。FT3在孕中期也随BMI增加，而在孕晚期则不然（p < 0.001）。最后，甲状腺过氧化物酶自身抗体值与孕前BMI以及孕妇BMI之间存在正相关，但数据不一致。
确定甲状腺激素水平与孕前BMI和/或GWG之间的关系可能有助于研究人员和临床医生管理孕期体重增加和/或甲状腺功能。
