Zhang Hehua, Xie Li, Gao Hongmin, Pan Hongzhi
Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Foreign Language School, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2025 Apr;20(8):903-915. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2476384. Epub 2025 Mar 7.
Bacterial infections are one of the primary triggers of global disease outbreaks. Traditional detection methods, such as bacterial culture and PCR, while reliable, are limited by their time-consuming procedures and operational complexity. In recent years, the CRISPR-Cas system has demonstrated significant potential in gene editing and diagnostics due to its high specificity and precision, offering innovative solutions for bacterial detection. By integrating pre-amplification techniques, the CRISPR-Cas system has substantially enhanced detection sensitivity, particularly excelling in detecting low-concentration target bacteria. This review summarizes the principles and application examples of CRISPR-Cas-based fluorescence, electrochemical, lateral flow, and colorimetric nanostructured biosensors developed over the past three years, categorizing them according to their recognition methods (e.g. bacterial genomes, aptamers, antibodies). It systematically explores the broad application prospects of these sensors in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety assessment. Additionally, this review discusses future research directions and potential development prospects, providing new insights and technical support for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections.
细菌感染是全球疾病爆发的主要触发因素之一。传统的检测方法，如细菌培养和聚合酶链反应（PCR），虽然可靠，但受限于其耗时的程序和操作复杂性。近年来，由于其高特异性和精确性，CRISPR-Cas系统在基因编辑和诊断中显示出巨大潜力，为细菌检测提供了创新解决方案。通过整合预扩增技术，CRISPR-Cas系统显著提高了检测灵敏度，尤其在检测低浓度目标细菌方面表现出色。本文综述了过去三年基于CRISPR-Cas的荧光、电化学、侧向流动和比色纳米结构生物传感器的原理及应用实例，并根据其识别方法（如细菌基因组、适体、抗体）进行分类。系统地探讨了这些传感器在医学诊断、环境监测和食品安全评估中的广泛应用前景。此外，本文还讨论了未来的研究方向和潜在发展前景，为细菌感染的快速诊断和治疗提供了新的见解和技术支持。
