Muñoz-Gómez Violeta, Shaw Alexandra P M, Abdykerimov Kuban, Abo-Shehada Mahmoud, Bulbuli Faraz, Charypkhan Duriya, Delphino Marina, Léger Anaïs, Li Yin, Rasmussen Philip, Rittem Sukuman, Ahmadi Bouda Vosough, Torgerson Paul R
Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, George Square 1, Edinburgh, EH89JZ, UK.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Mar 7;21(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04549-7.
Backyard chicken farming is usually subsistence and predominates in low-income countries and, to a lesser extent, in middle-income countries. Chicken flocks are generally raised by households in a low-input, low-output system in contact with other flocks, livestock, and wildlife. This low biosecurity setting predisposes chickens to diseases and injuries. A systematic review was conducted to assess the impact of diseases and other causes of mortality in backyard chickens from low income and middle-income countries.
The systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases consulted included: PubMed, Medline in OVID, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, CAB direct, AGRIS, AgEconSearch, Agricola, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, CNKI, LILACS, TCI, SID and Civilica. Of the 40,121 studies identified, 78 studies were selected. Only a limited number of studies (n = 7) assessed the impact on productivity (weight and egg production losses). Results from the meta-analyses showed that the three main causes of mortality in a production cycle are viral diseases (24.5%, 12.4-42.7), the mix of bacterial and viral diseases (24.2%, 6.2-58.2) and bacterial diseases (11.2%, 4.6-25.0). These three causes of mortality also account for the highest proportion of economic losses for infectious diseases. In the case of non-infectious causes, predation and cachexia are responsible for the highest economic losses in backyard chickens.
Infectious diseases account for the highest economic and mortality losses examined in the selected studies. However, losses due to other causes, such as predation, should not be overlooked. These results could be used to support animal health policy in informing resource allocation to preventive measures to improve food security.
后院养鸡通常是为了维持生计，在低收入国家占主导地位，在中等收入国家也有一定程度的存在。鸡群一般由家庭以低投入、低产出的方式饲养，与其他鸡群、家畜和野生动物接触。这种生物安全措施薄弱的环境使鸡容易患病和受伤。开展了一项系统评价，以评估低收入和中等收入国家后院鸡的疾病及其他死亡原因的影响。
按照PRISMA指南进行了系统文献综述。查阅的数据库包括：PubMed、OVID中的Medline、Scopus、Web of Knowledge、CAB direct、AGRIS、AgEconSearch、Agricola、谷歌学术、CyberLeninka、中国知网、LILACS、TCI、SID和Civilica。在检索到的40121项研究中，筛选出78项研究。只有少数研究（n = 7）评估了对生产力（体重和产蛋量损失）的影响。荟萃分析结果显示，生产周期中的三个主要死亡原因是病毒性疾病（24.5%，12.4 - 42.7）、细菌和病毒性疾病混合感染（24.2%，6.2 - 58.2）以及细菌性疾病（11.2%，4.6 - 25.0）。这三个死亡原因在传染病造成的经济损失中也占最高比例。在非传染性原因方面，捕食和恶病质是后院鸡经济损失最高的原因。
在所选定的研究中，传染病造成的经济损失和死亡率最高。然而，捕食等其他原因造成的损失也不应被忽视。这些结果可用于支持动物卫生政策，为改善粮食安全的预防措施资源分配提供参考。
