Wang Hui, Noordzij Niels, Mikhailov Mischa, Steinhauer Stephan, Descamps Thomas, Oksenberg Eitan, Zwiller Val, Zadeh Iman Esmaeil
Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Single Quantum B.V., 2628 CH Delft, The Netherlands.
Nano Lett. 2025 Mar 19;25(11):4401-4407. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c06545. Epub 2025 Mar 10.
Due to stringent thermal budgets in cryogenic technologies such as superconducting quantum computers and sensors, electronic building blocks that simultaneously offer low energy consumption, fast switching, low error rates, a small footprint, and simple fabrication are pivotal for large-scale devices. Here, we demonstrate a superconducting switch with attojoule switching energy, high speed (pico-second rise/fall times), and high integration density (on the order of 10 μm per switch). It consists of a superconducting nanochannel and a metal heater separated by an insulating silica layer. We experimentally demonstrate digital gate operations utilizing these nanostructures, such as NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, and OR gates, with a few femtojoules of energy consumption and ultralow bit error rates <10. In addition, we build energy-efficient volatile memory elements with nanosecond operation speeds and a retention time over 10 s. These superconducting switches open new possibilities for increasing the size and complexity of modern cryogenic technologies.
由于超导量子计算机和传感器等低温技术中严格的热预算，对于大规模设备而言，同时具备低能耗、快速切换、低错误率、小尺寸和简单制造工艺的电子组件至关重要。在此，我们展示了一种具有阿焦耳级切换能量、高速（皮秒级上升/下降时间）和高集成密度（每个开关约10微米）的超导开关。它由一个超导纳米通道和一个通过绝缘二氧化硅层隔开的金属加热器组成。我们通过实验证明了利用这些纳米结构进行数字门操作，如非门、与非门、或非门、与门和或门，能耗仅为几飞焦耳，且误码率超低，小于10。此外，我们构建了具有纳秒级操作速度和超过10秒保留时间的节能易失性存储元件。这些超导开关为扩大现代低温技术的规模和复杂性开辟了新的可能性。
