Pandey Komal, Dasgupta Chitralekha Nag
Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028 India.
3 Biotech. 2025 Apr;15(4):74. doi: 10.1007/s13205-025-04244-2. Epub 2025 Mar 6.
The domain of nanobionics has gained attention since its inception due to its potential applicability in plant, microalgal treatments, productivity enhancement. This review compares the intake and mobilization of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant and algal cell. In plants, NPs enter from root or other openings, and then carried by apoplastic or symplastic transport and accumulated in various parts, whereas in algae, NPs enter via endocytosis, passive transmission pathways, traverse the algal cell cytoplasm. This study demonstrated the mechanisms of metal-based NPs such as zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), and silica (Si) for seed priming or plant treatments to improve productivity. These metal NPs are used as nano-fertilizer for plant growths. It has also been observed that these NPs can reduce pathogenic infection and help to cope up with environmental stresses including heavy metals contamination such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb). Overall, the photosynthetic productivity increases through NPs as it increases ability to enhance light capture, improve electron transport, and optimize carbon fixation pathways and withstand stresses. These advancements not only elevate biomass production in plant improving agricultural output but also support the sustainable generation of biofuels and bioproducts from algae.
自纳米仿生学诞生以来，因其在植物、微藻处理及提高生产力方面的潜在适用性而备受关注。本综述比较了纳米颗粒（NPs）在植物和藻类细胞中的摄取与转运情况。在植物中，纳米颗粒从根部或其他开口进入，然后通过质外体或共质体运输携带并积累在各个部位，而在藻类中，纳米颗粒通过内吞作用、被动传输途径进入，穿过藻类细胞的细胞质。本研究展示了锌（Zn）、银（Ag）、铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）、钛（Ti）和硅（Si）等金属基纳米颗粒用于种子引发或植物处理以提高生产力的机制。这些金属纳米颗粒被用作促进植物生长的纳米肥料。还观察到这些纳米颗粒可以减少病原体感染，并有助于应对包括砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和铅（Pb）等重金属污染在内的环境压力。总体而言，纳米颗粒可提高光合生产力，因为它增强了捕获光能、改善电子传递、优化碳固定途径以及抵御压力的能力。这些进展不仅提高了植物的生物量产量，改善了农业产出，还支持了从藻类可持续生产生物燃料和生物产品。
