Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Chatter Klass Campus, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Oct 9;24(1):939. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05627-y.
In tissue culture, efficient nutrient availability and effective control of callus contamination are crucial for successful plantlet regeneration. This study was aimed to enhance callogenesis, callus regeneration, control callus contamination, and substitute iron (Fe) source with FeO-NPs in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nanogreen iron oxide (FeO-NPs) were synthesized and well characterized with sizes ranging from 2 to 7.5 nm. FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%). Results indicated that FeCl-based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%), in contrast FeSO-based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%). Modified media with FeO-NPs as the Fe source induced fast callogenesis and regeneration compared to normal MS media. FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%. Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively. Additionally, APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%, while in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%, respectively. Finally, FeO-NPs effectively substituted Fe source in MS media, shorten the plant life cycle, and increase chlorophyll content as well as APX, SOD, POD, and CAT activities. This protocol is applicable for tissue culture in other cereal crops as well.
在组织培养中，高效的营养供应和有效控制愈伤组织污染对于成功的植物再生至关重要。本研究旨在通过在 MS 培养基中添加纳米绿氧化铁（FeO-NPs）来增强愈伤组织发生、愈伤组织再生、控制愈伤组织污染，并替代铁（Fe）源。合成的纳米绿氧化铁（FeO-NPs）具有 2 至 7.5nm 的尺寸，并进行了很好的表征。在 MS 培养基中添加 15ppm 的 FeO-NPs 作为补充剂，可显著控制愈伤组织污染（80%）。结果表明，基于 FeCl 的 FeO-NPs 诱导快速愈伤组织诱导（72%）和再生（43%），而基于 FeSO 的 FeO-NPs 导致愈伤组织重量增加（516%）、直径增加（300%）、芽数增加（200%）和根数增加（114%）。与正常 MS 培养基相比，用 FeO-NPs 作为铁源的改良培养基诱导愈伤组织快速发生和再生。叶面喷施 FeO-NPs 可使植物鲜重增加 133%，穗重增加 350%。IRRI-6 的株高增加 54%，Kissan Basmati 的株高增加 33%，穗数增加 50%和 265%，叶绿素含量增加 51%和 34%。此外，APX（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）、SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）、POD（过氧化物酶）和 CAT（过氧化氢酶）在 IRRI-6 中分别增加了 27%、29%、283%和 62%，而在 Kissan Basmati 中，APX 增加了 70%，SOD 减少了 28%，POD 和 CAT 分别增加了 89%和 98%。最后，FeO-NPs 有效地替代了 MS 培养基中的铁源，缩短了植物的生命周期，增加了叶绿素含量以及 APX、SOD、POD 和 CAT 的活性。该方案也适用于其他谷类作物的组织培养。
