Elahwl Esraa A, Assar Doaa H, Al-Hawary Ibrahim I, Salah Abdallah S, Ragab Amany E, Elsheshtawy Ahmed, Assas Mona, Abo-Al-Ela Haitham G, Fouad Alamira Marzouk, Elbialy Zizy I
Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Mar 10;49(3):135. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10672-5.
The danger posed by waterborne toxicity from herbicides endangers the aquatic ecosystem. Using dietary medicinal herbs is a useful approach to mitigate the effects of herbicide toxicity on aquatic animals. This study attempts to examine the consequences and potential mechanisms behind the dietary addition of horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MOLE) with the help of phytase addition to check the overall growth performance, biochemical changes, histological alteration, and gene expression in normal and after glyphosate challenge in Nile tilapia. A total number of 135 Nile tilapia fish (7.93 ± 0.03 g) were randomly assigned into three groups each in triplicate. The first group is the control group and fed basal diet; the second group supplied with MOLE (200 mg of extract/kg), and the third group was supplied with MOLE (200 mg /kg), and phytase (0.2g/ kg) for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, each experimental group was divided into two subgroups to be unchallenged and challenged with glyphosate (30 mg/L of water). The results declared significant enhancements (P < 0.05) in Weight Gain Percent (WG%), Specific growth rate (SGR), and Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and reducing feed conversion ratio (FCR) with up-regulating hepatic gh, igf1,myogenine, intestinal ghrelin and NPY in fish groups fed MOLE and phytase compared with the control group. Moreover, improving the hepatic antioxidant capacity while down-regulating hepatic igf1bp, myostatin. Interstingly, MOLE and phytase lightened glyphosate-induced biochemical alterations, antioxidants, apoptosis, and inflammation-associated genes compared to the glyphosate-challenged group. Interestingly, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis recognized 16 compounds encompasing two glucosinolates, three flavonoids, one phenolic and three alkaloids in addition to four fatty acids, a terpenoid, one phytate and an aromatic glycoside. These components might be accountable for the potential effects exerted by MOLE. Therefore, the current study suggests that dietary supplementation to MOLE and phytase can be used as substitute feed supplements in sustainable farming of Nile tilapia to defend against glyphosate challenges and enhance growth, antioxidant capacity, exerting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects under normal health conditions or post glyphosate challenge.
除草剂造成的水体毒性对水生生态系统构成威胁。使用药草作为饲料是减轻除草剂毒性对水生动物影响的一种有效方法。本研究试图借助添加植酸酶来检验添加辣木（Moringa oleifera）叶提取物（MOLE）对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、生化变化、组织学改变及基因表达的影响，探究其在正常及草甘膦刺激后的作用后果及潜在机制。总共135尾尼罗罗非鱼（7.93±0.03克）被随机分为三组，每组三个重复。第一组为对照组，投喂基础饲料；第二组添加MOLE（200毫克提取物/千克），第三组添加MOLE（200毫克/千克）和植酸酶（0.2克/千克），持续8周。饲养试验结束后，每个实验组再分为两个亚组，分别为不接受草甘膦刺激组和接受草甘膦（30毫克/升水体）刺激组。结果表明，与对照组相比，添加MOLE和植酸酶的鱼组体重增加百分比（WG%）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率比（PER）显著提高（P<0.05），饲料转化率（FCR）降低，肝脏gh、igf1、肌生成素、肠道胃饥饿素和神经肽Y基因上调。此外，肝脏抗氧化能力提高，肝脏igf1bp、肌肉生长抑制素下调。有趣的是，与草甘膦刺激组相比，MOLE和植酸酶减轻了草甘膦诱导的生化改变、抗氧化、凋亡及炎症相关基因变化。有趣的是，超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（UPLC-ESI-MS/MS）分析鉴定出16种化合物，包括两种硫代葡萄糖苷、三种黄酮类、一种酚类、三种生物碱，此外还有四种脂肪酸、一种萜类、一种肌醇六磷酸和一种芳香糖苷。这些成分可能是MOLE发挥潜在作用的原因。因此，本研究表明，在尼罗罗非鱼可持续养殖中，添加MOLE和植酸酶可作为替代饲料添加剂，以抵御草甘膦挑战，在正常健康条件下或草甘膦刺激后增强生长、提高抗氧化能力，发挥抗炎和抗凋亡作用。
