El-Kassas Seham, Aljahdali Nesreen, Abdo Safaa E, Alaryani Fatima S, Moustafa Eman M, Mohamed Radi, Abosheashaa Wesam, Abdulraouf Esraa, Helal Mohamed Atef, Shafi Manal E, El-Saadony Mohamed T, El-Naggar Karima, Conte-Junior Carlos Adam
Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jun 23;9:918933. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918933. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to detect the impact of leaf powder dietary inclusion on the antioxidant and innate immune responses of mono-sex Nile tilapia fingerlings. A total of 180 fingerlings were allocated in a random method into three groups with triplicate each. One group (1 group) received the control diet (basal diet (BD) free of moringa) and the other groups (2 and 3) fed BD containing leaf powder at 5 and 10% of the diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, fish were randomly redistributed into four replicates and rested for 24 h. Then, each fish in the first two replicates was injected with 0.2 mL of PBS, while the others were injected with 0.2 mL of suspension (1.8 × 10 CFU/mL). Healthy fish fed on leaf powder showed enhanced immune response manifested by significant increases in phagocytic and lysozyme activities with a marked H/L ratio ( < 0.05). In addition, significant alterations of the lymphocytic and heterophilic population in circulation with increasing infiltration in tissue such as the spleen were noticed. Also, significantly upregulated the antioxidants, and , proinflammatory cytokines, β, and γ relative mRNA levels. On the other hand, following challenging conditions caused downregulations of β, and γ transcription levels, and also lowered the and mRNA levels. In addition, a marked reduction of leukocytic infiltration plus a significant improvement of the degenerative changes in intestinal architecture has occurred. So, leaf powder can be included in the fish diet to enhance immune response under normal health conditions and lower the infection-associated inflammatory response.
本研究旨在检测日粮中添加叶粉对尼罗罗非鱼单性幼鱼抗氧化和先天免疫反应的影响。总共180尾幼鱼被随机分配到三组，每组三个重复。一组（1组）接受对照日粮（不含辣木的基础日粮（BD）），其他两组（2组和3组）分别饲喂含5%和10%叶粉的BD日粮。投喂6周后，鱼被随机重新分配到四个重复组中并休息24小时。然后，前两个重复组中的每条鱼注射0.2 mL PBS，而其他鱼注射0.2 mL悬浮液（1.8×10 CFU/mL）。饲喂叶粉的健康鱼表现出免疫反应增强，表现为吞噬和溶菌酶活性显著增加，H/L比值显著升高（<0.05）。此外，还注意到循环中淋巴细胞和嗜异性粒细胞数量的显著变化，以及脾脏等组织中浸润增加。此外，显著上调了抗氧化剂、以及促炎细胞因子β和γ的相对mRNA水平。另一方面，在受到挑战的条件下，β和γ转录水平下调，同时和mRNA水平也降低。此外，白细胞浸润显著减少，肠道结构的退行性变化显著改善。因此，叶粉可添加到鱼日粮中，以在正常健康条件下增强免疫反应，并降低与感染相关的炎症反应。
