Tai I-Hsin, Hsiao Chiung-Tzu, Chu Chi-Hsiang, Tsai Wan-Jane, Chen Ying-Ju, Wu Han-Ping
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Structural/Congenital heart disease and Echocardiography Center, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 10;15(1):8312. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92878-w.
The co-detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant with other respiratory virus has been extensively investigated. However, conclusive evidence remains elusive and conflicted. This study investigated the source- and age-dependent prevalence, incidence, and co-detection of multiple viral infections in children younger than 18 years old who presented with clinical symptoms indicative of respiratory infections during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We retrospectively obtained and analyzed pediatric patients admitted to the institution and underwent Film Array Respiratory Panel (BIOFIRE RP2.1) testing between January 2021 and December 2022. This encompassed pre-Delta, Delta and omicron periods, evaluating Film Array results for singular and co-detections. The overall detection rate was 84.2% (1670/1983) among 1,983 pediatric patients. Of these, 106 were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Notably, 45 patients (42%) harbored SARS-CoV-2 as the sole pathogen. Co-detection was significant; 32 cases (30.2%) involved Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, 29 (24.5%) involved parainfluenza 3, and 26 (24.5%) involved Respiratory syncytial virus. Peaks of co-detected parainfluenza 3 and Respiratory syncytial virus were evident in the winter of 2022 and absent in 2021. The top three viral strain for co-detection was HRV/EV, PIV-3, and RSV. The emergence order of co-detection strain was HRV/EV ◊PIV-3◊ RSV during the Omicron period in Taiwan. We identified characteristic patterns of SARS-CoV-2-associated co-detections, with a notable emphasis on the co-detection of HRV/EV, PIV3, and RSV alongside SARS-CoV-2. This association appears to hold heightened significance during the Omicron variant era compared to earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, which contrast with previous studies. The simultaneous circulation of different variants may contribute to variations in viral co-detection, particularly in young children, warranting further investigation.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变异株与其他呼吸道病毒的共同检测已得到广泛研究。然而，确凿的证据仍然难以捉摸且相互矛盾。本研究调查了在SARS-CoV-2大流行期间出现呼吸道感染临床症状的18岁以下儿童中多种病毒感染的来源和年龄依赖性流行率、发病率及共同检测情况。我们回顾性收集并分析了2021年1月至2022年12月期间入住该机构并接受Film Array呼吸道病原体核酸检测（BIOFIRE RP2.1）的儿科患者。这涵盖了德尔塔变异株出现之前、德尔塔变异株时期和奥密克戎变异株时期，评估Film Array检测结果中的单一病毒检测和共同检测情况。在1983名儿科患者中，总体检测率为84.2%（1670/1983）。其中，106名患者SARS-CoV-2呈阳性。值得注意的是，45名患者（42%）携带SARS-CoV-2作为唯一病原体。共同检测情况较为显著；32例（30.2%）涉及人鼻病毒/肠道病毒，29例（24.5%）涉及副流感病毒3型，26例（24.5%）涉及呼吸道合胞病毒。共同检测到的副流感病毒3型和呼吸道合胞病毒在2022年冬季出现高峰，2021年未出现。共同检测的前三种病毒株是鼻病毒/肠道病毒、副流感病毒3型和呼吸道合胞病毒。在台湾的奥密克戎变异株时期，共同检测毒株的出现顺序为鼻病毒/肠道病毒◊副流感病毒3型◊呼吸道合胞病毒。我们确定了与SARS-CoV-2相关的共同检测特征模式，特别强调了鼻病毒/肠道病毒、副流感病毒3型和呼吸道合胞病毒与SARS-CoV-2的共同检测。与早期的SARS-CoV-2变异株相比，这种关联在奥密克戎变异株时代似乎具有更高的重要性，这与先前的研究形成对比。不同变异株的同时传播可能导致病毒共同检测的差异，尤其是在幼儿中，值得进一步研究。
