Singh Pawanpreet, Swanson Kelly S, Saunders-Blades Jennifer, Oba Patricia M, Squires E James, Shoveller Anna K
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 2W1.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61820USA.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf075.
This study investigated the effects of up to 45% inclusion of whole pulse ingredients in grain-free (GF) diets on the excretion of bile acids (BAs) and other fecal metabolites in healthy large-breed dogs. Twenty-eight adult Siberian Huskies were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets formulated to meet the same macronutrient profiles for 20 wk: 1) grain-inclusive diet with 45% corn (Ctl), 2) GF diet with 15% pulses (Pulse15), 3) GF diet with 30% pulses (Pulse30), 4) GF diet with 45% pulses (Pulse45). All diets included chicken meal and pea starch. Fecal samples were collected on weeks 2 and 19. Bile acids were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MRM/MS technology, while fecal metabolites were analyzed using Agilent HP1000 high-performance liquid chromatography. Bile acids and fecal metabolite data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure in SAS studios (SAS version 9.4, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). All means were separated using the Tukey-Kramer adjustment (significant when P < 0.05). After 20 wk of feeding, concentrations of lithocholic acid were greater in Pulse15 and Pulse30 than Ctl (P = 0.001), but all were similar to Pulse45. Concentrations of deoxycholic (P = 0.054), lithocholic (P = 0.001), total secondary (P = 0.022), and total BA (P = 0.045) tended to be linearly associated with dietary pulse inclusion. Dogs consuming Pulse30 had greater fecal propionic acid concentrations than Ctl (P = 0.017), but both were similar to Pulse15 and Pulse45. Total branched-chain fatty acids (P = 0.001) and iso-butyric acid (P < 0.0001) were greater in Ctl than in all pulse groups. Inversely, arabinose concentrations were greater in all pulse groups compared to Ctl (P = 0.001). In summary, diets with up to 45% inclusion of whole pulse ingredients do not increase total BA excretion but may contribute to greater short-chain fatty acids production.
本研究调查了在无谷物（GF）日粮中添加高达45%的全豆科成分对健康大型犬胆汁酸（BAs）排泄及其他粪便代谢物的影响。28只成年西伯利亚哈士奇犬被喂食4种实验日粮中的1种，这些日粮的配方旨在满足相同的常量营养素概况，为期20周：1）含45%玉米的含谷物日粮（对照组），2）含15%豆科成分的GF日粮（豆科15组），3）含30%豆科成分的GF日粮（豆科30组），4）含45%豆科成分的GF日粮（豆科45组）。所有日粮均包含鸡肉粉和豌豆淀粉。在第2周和第19周收集粪便样本。使用超高效液相色谱 - MRM/MS技术分析胆汁酸，同时使用安捷伦HP1000高效液相色谱分析粪便代谢物。胆汁酸和粪便代谢物数据使用SAS工作室中的PROC GLIMMIX程序进行分析（SAS版本9.4，SAS公司，北卡罗来纳州卡里）。所有均值使用Tukey - Kramer调整进行分离（P < 0.05时有显著差异）。喂食20周后，豆科15组和豆科30组的石胆酸浓度高于对照组（P = 0.001），但均与豆科45组相似。脱氧胆酸（P = 0.054）、石胆酸（P = 0.001）、总二级胆汁酸（P = 0.022）和总胆汁酸（P = 0.045）的浓度倾向于与日粮中豆科成分的添加呈线性相关。食用豆科30组日粮的犬粪便丙酸浓度高于对照组（P = 0.017），但两者均与豆科15组和豆科45组相似。对照组的总支链脂肪酸（P = 0.001）和异丁酸（P < 0.0001）浓度高于所有豆科组。相反，所有豆科组的阿拉伯糖浓度均高于对照组（P = 0.001）。总之，添加高达45%全豆科成分的日粮不会增加总胆汁酸排泄，但可能有助于产生更多的短链脂肪酸。
