Fouda Shaimaa M, Gad Mohammed M, Zayat Mai El, Khan Soban Q, Akhtar Sultan, Othman Ahmed, von See Constantin
Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Front Dent Med. 2025 Feb 24;6:1544474. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1544474. eCollection 2025.
The flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base materials are affected by numerous factors including reinforcement with nanoparticles (NPs) and post-curing duration (PCD), though the effect of these two factors together has been overlooked. The present study tested the effect of nanodiamonds (NDs) or silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs) with various PCDs on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base materials.
To measure the flexural strength and elastic modulus, bar-shaped specimens (64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) were designed and rapidly prototyped using ASIGA and NextDent denture base resins. Each resin ( = 150) was divided into five groups ( = 30) according to NP type and concentrations: pure group as a control without additives, 0.25% NDs, 0.5% NDs, 0.25% SNPs, and 0.5% SNPs. Specimens from each group were further divided into three groups ( = 10) and post-cured for 15, 60, or 90 min, followed by thermocycling for 5,000 cycles. After measuring the flexural strength and elastic modulus using a three-point bending test, a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the fractured surface. The bonds between the NPs and the resin were tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. ANOVA and tests were used for data analysis ( = 0.05).
The flexural strength increased with prolonged PCD and the highest values for all tested groups were reported at 90 min ( < 0.001). The flexural strength of both materials increased significantly with the addition of NDs and SNPs in comparison to the pure groups ( < 0.05). -factor ANOVA analysis of the elastic modulus showed that each factor (NP type, PCD, and material type) had a significant effect on the elastic modulus ( < 0.001).
The flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base resin were increased with the addition of NDs or SNPs and when increasing the PCD. Factors including nanoparticle type and concentration, the post-curing duration, and the material type solely or in combination could affect the flexural strength and elastic modulus of prototyped denture base materials.
快速成型义齿基托材料的弯曲强度和弹性模量受多种因素影响，包括纳米颗粒（NP）增强和后固化时间（PCD），但这两个因素共同作用的影响一直被忽视。本研究测试了不同PCD条件下纳米金刚石（ND）或二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SNP）对快速成型义齿基托材料弯曲强度和弹性模量的影响。
为测量弯曲强度和弹性模量，设计了条形试件（64×10×3.3 mm），并使用ASIGA和NextDent义齿基托树脂进行快速成型。每种树脂（n = 150）根据NP类型和浓度分为五组（n = 30）：无添加剂的纯组作为对照，0.25% ND组、0.5% ND组、0.25% SNP组和0.5% SNP组。每组试件进一步分为三组（n = 10），并分别后固化15、60或90 min，然后进行5000次热循环。使用三点弯曲试验测量弯曲强度和弹性模量后，用扫描电子显微镜分析断裂表面。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱测试NP与树脂之间的键合。采用方差分析和检验进行数据分析（α = 0.05）。
弯曲强度随PCD延长而增加，所有测试组在90 min时报告的弯曲强度最高（P < 0.001）。与纯组相比，添加ND和SNP后两种材料的弯曲强度均显著增加（P < 0.05）。弹性模量的双因素方差分析表明，每个因素（NP类型、PCD和材料类型）对弹性模量均有显著影响（P < 0.001）。
添加ND或SNP以及增加PCD可提高快速成型义齿基托树脂的弯曲强度和弹性模量。纳米颗粒类型和浓度、后固化时间以及材料类型单独或共同作用的因素均可影响成型义齿基托材料的弯曲强度和弹性模量。
