Liu Rongtian, Hu Haofei, Cao Changchun, Han Yong, Bai Yuxin, Feng Wei
Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China.
Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2025 Mar 12;25(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05555-2.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) during adolescence and the future risk of developing hypertension, with a particular focus on potential sex differences.
This study was a secondary analysis based on a cohort study involving 2,020 adolescents aged 10-15 years who underwent health check-ups at the MJ Health Screening Center between 1999 and 2008. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between BMI and hypertension risk, with stratification by gender. Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions was employed to explore potential nonlinear relationships, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness.
The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a significant positive association between BMI and hypertension risk in the overall adolescent population and particularly in males, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.204 (95% CI: 1.038-1.396) and 1.181 (95% CI: 1.013-1.377), respectively. In females, a nonlinear relationship with a threshold effect was identified, with an inflection point at a BMI of 24.11 kg/m². Beyond this threshold, each 1 kg/m² increase in BMI was associated with a 3.491-fold higher risk of hypertension (HR = 4.491, 95% CI: 1.185-17.020).
Among Chinese adolescent males, there was a positive dose-response relationship between BMI and future hypertension risk. In adolescent females, a specific nonlinear association with a threshold effect (inflection point: 24.11 kg/m²) was observed. Maintaining a BMI below 24.11 kg/m² in adolescent females may reduce their future risk of developing hypertension.
本研究旨在探讨青春期体重指数（BMI）与未来患高血压风险之间的关系，特别关注潜在的性别差异。
本研究是一项基于队列研究的二次分析，该队列研究涉及1999年至2008年期间在MJ健康筛查中心接受健康检查的2020名10 - 15岁青少年。采用Cox比例风险回归模型评估BMI与高血压风险之间的关联，并按性别分层。采用带有三次样条函数的Cox比例风险回归来探索潜在的非线性关系，并进行敏感性分析以确保结果的稳健性。
多变量Cox比例风险回归模型显示，在整个青少年人群中，尤其是男性，BMI与高血压风险之间存在显著的正相关，风险比（HR）分别为1.204（95%置信区间：1.038 - 1.396）和1.181（95%置信区间：1.013 - 1.377）。在女性中，发现了一种具有阈值效应的非线性关系，拐点处的BMI为24.11kg/m²。超过该阈值后，BMI每增加1kg/m²，患高血压的风险就会高出3.491倍（HR = 4.491，95%置信区间：1.185 - 17.020）。
在中国青少年男性中，BMI与未来高血压风险之间存在正剂量反应关系。在青少年女性中，观察到一种具有阈值效应（拐点：24.11kg/m²）的特定非线性关联。在青少年女性中保持BMI低于24.11kg/m²可能会降低她们未来患高血压的风险。
