Liu Xiangtong, Xie Wenhan, Lv Shiyun, Li Yuan, Hu Meiling, Li Shuting, Hu Yaoyu, Xu Shan, Tan Yanfang, Wei Jing, Guo Xiuhua
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 11;25(1):960. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21494-0.
The long-term health effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on hypertension remain incomprehensive. We evaluated the relationship of PM and its components with hypertension incidence in middle-aged and elderly adults.
We utilised data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study collected between 2011 and 2018. We obtained annual modelled data from the dataset of Tracking Air Pollution in China, including black carbon (BC), sulphate (SO), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH), and nitrate (NO). Time-varying Cox models and quantile g-computation models were employed to explore the associations. Exposure-response curves were portrayed to investigate potential non-linear effects.
We enrolled 7,032 individuals with a mean age of 57.14 (range: 45-95) years. Over 36,997 person-years of follow-up (average time: 5.26 years), 3,119 individuals suffered from hypertension. With per interquartile range increment, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PM (3.82 [95% CI: 3.48-4.18]), BC (4.17 [95% CI: 3.54-4.92]), SO (4.24 [95% CI: 3.50-5.12]), OM (3.76 [95% CI: 3.14-4.50]), NH (3.20 [95% CI: 2.91-3.52]), and NO (1.94 [95% CI: 1.77-2.13]) were discovered with lag 1 year. And the mixed effect was 18.0% [95% CI: 16.8%-19.2%], which was mainly driven by BC (66.0%) and SO (34.0%). Approximate J-shaped exposure-response relationships were revealed.
The positive associations of long-term exposure to PM and its components with hypertension incidence were discovered in adults aged ≥ 45 years. Controlling the emissions of PM components, especially BC and SO, could alleviate the burden of hypertension.
细颗粒物（PM）对高血压的长期健康影响仍不全面。我们评估了PM及其成分与中老年成年人高血压发病率之间的关系。
我们利用了2011年至2018年期间收集的中国健康与养老追踪调查数据。我们从中国空气污染追踪数据集中获取了年度模拟数据，包括黑碳（BC）、硫酸盐（SO）、有机物（OM）、铵（NH）和硝酸盐（NO）。采用时变Cox模型和分位数g计算模型来探索关联。绘制暴露-反应曲线以研究潜在的非线性效应。
我们纳入了7032名个体，平均年龄为57.14岁（范围：45-95岁）。在超过36997人年的随访中（平均时间：5.26年），3119人患上了高血压。每增加一个四分位数间距，滞后1年时发现PM（3.82 [95%置信区间：3.48-4.18]）、BC（4.17 [95%置信区间：3.54-4.92]）、SO（4.24 [95%置信区间：3.50-5.12]）、OM（3.76 [95%置信区间：3.14-4.50]）、NH（3.20 [95%置信区间：2.91-3.52]）和NO（1.94 [95%置信区间：1.77-2.13]）的风险比和95%置信区间。混合效应为18.0% [95%置信区间：16.8%-19.2%]，主要由BC（66.0%）和SO（34.0%）驱动。揭示了近似J形的暴露-反应关系。
在年龄≥45岁的成年人中发现长期暴露于PM及其成分与高血压发病率呈正相关。控制PM成分的排放，尤其是BC和SO，可以减轻高血压负担。
