Beis Ioannis, Dimou Anastasios, Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis, Pataka Athanasia
Respiratory Failure Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Urology Department, Venizeleio Hospital of Heralkion, Crete, Greece.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Feb 25;16:1525510. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1525510. eCollection 2025.
Adolescent smoking is a significant public health concern, as early nicotine addiction leads to more severe addiction and reduced cessation success during adulthood. While nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is an effective smoking cessation tool in adults, its efficacy in adolescents is less clear.
This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of NRT for smoking cessation in adolescents.
A comprehensive search of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases identified 12 studies (randomized controlled trials and observational) examining NRT in adolescents. Outcomes included smoking cessation rates, withdrawal symptom relief, smoking reduction, and adverse events.
NRT demonstrated limited success in long-term smoking cessation among adolescents, with low cessation rates that often declined post-treatment. However, NRT was effective in reducing smoking frequency and in managing withdrawal symptoms in some cases. The safety profile was generally favourable, with mild side effects such as skin irritation, headaches, and nausea.
While NRT can reduce smoking and alleviate withdrawal symptoms, its effectiveness in sustaining long-term cessation in adolescents is limited. Adherence challenges and side effects suggest a need for complementary behavioural support and further research into tailored NRT strategies for this population.
青少年吸烟是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为早期尼古丁成瘾会导致成年后成瘾更严重且戒烟成功率降低。虽然尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）在成年人中是一种有效的戒烟工具，但其在青少年中的疗效尚不清楚。
本系统评价评估NRT对青少年戒烟的有效性和安全性。
对PubMed和Cochrane图书馆数据库进行全面检索，确定了12项研究（随机对照试验和观察性研究），这些研究对青少年使用NRT进行了研究。结果包括戒烟率、戒断症状缓解、吸烟量减少和不良事件。
NRT在青少年长期戒烟方面成效有限，戒烟率低，且治疗后往往会下降。然而，NRT在减少吸烟频率以及在某些情况下控制戒断症状方面是有效的。安全性总体良好，有皮肤刺激、头痛和恶心等轻微副作用。
虽然NRT可以减少吸烟并缓解戒断症状，但其在维持青少年长期戒烟方面的有效性有限。依从性挑战和副作用表明，需要补充行为支持，并进一步研究针对该人群的定制NRT策略。
