Torosyan Arevik, Grigoryan Lilit, Hayrumyan Varduhi, Sargsyan Zhanna, Bhanot Palash, Shaffer Lillian, Petrosyan Varduhi, Bazarchyan Alexander, Alayan Nour, Kegler Michelle C, Berg Carla J
National Institute of Health Named After Academician S. Avdalbekyan, MOH, Yerevan, Armenia.
Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia.
Glob Health Promot. 2025 Mar 12:17579759251318728. doi: 10.1177/17579759251318728.
Smoke-free homes (SFHs) reduce secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), which is particularly crucial where smoking prevalence is high and public smoke-free policies are nascent, as in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined perspectives regarding SFHs, including barriers and facilitators, among adults in Armenia, a LMIC with high male smoking prevalence and recently-implemented smoke-free policies. In February-March 2024, focus groups were conducted with adults reporting smoking and non-smoking, separately, in two Armenian communities ( = 39; = 41.00, 46.2% female, 61.5% married, 74.4% children in household). Data were examined using thematic analysis. All participants reporting smoking ( = 18) were male, non-smoking participants ( = 21) were primarily (87.5%) female, 53.8% had no SFH restrictions and 12.8% partial. Commonly, smoking was allowed for certain people (e.g. guests) or rooms/spaces (e.g. kitchen, balcony). Common SFH motives were health of children and vulnerable adults (e.g. pregnant women). Salient challenges included high male smoking rates paired with hierarchical gender roles. When asked about strategies to promote SFHs, many suggested leveraging children by involving them in a SFH intervention or emphasizing SHSe's impact on children. While some suggested empowering women as change agents, others suggested targeting men. It is crucial that SFH interventions for Armenian households address Armenia's specific characteristics, such as high male smoking rates and more hierarchical social dynamics. Effective SFH interventions for Armenia may serve as models for other countries with similar characteristics.
无烟家庭（SFHs）可减少二手烟暴露（SHSe），这在吸烟率高且无烟公共政策刚刚起步的地方尤为关键，比如一些低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）。本研究调查了亚美尼亚成年人对无烟家庭的看法，包括障碍和促进因素。亚美尼亚是一个男性吸烟率高且最近实施了无烟政策的低收入和中等收入国家。2024年2月至3月，在亚美尼亚的两个社区分别对报告吸烟和不吸烟的成年人进行了焦点小组访谈（n = 39；平均年龄 = 41.00岁，46.2%为女性，61.5%已婚，74.4%的家庭中有孩子）。使用主题分析法对数据进行了分析。所有报告吸烟的参与者（n = 18）均为男性，不吸烟的参与者（n = 21）主要为女性（87.5%），53.8%的家庭没有无烟家庭限制，12.8%的家庭有部分限制。通常，某些人（如客人）或房间/空间（如厨房、阳台）允许吸烟。无烟家庭的常见动机是儿童和弱势成年人（如孕妇）的健康。突出的挑战包括男性吸烟率高以及等级分明的性别角色。当被问及促进无烟家庭的策略时，许多人建议通过让儿童参与无烟家庭干预或强调二手烟暴露对儿童的影响来利用儿童。虽然一些人建议赋予女性变革推动者的权力，但另一些人建议针对男性。至关重要的是，针对亚美尼亚家庭的无烟家庭干预措施要考虑到亚美尼亚的具体特征，比如男性吸烟率高以及社会动态等级更为分明。针对亚美尼亚有效的无烟家庭干预措施可为其他具有类似特征的国家提供范例。
