Li Tianyu, Cao Zhen, Lin Chen, Wang Weibin
Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Mar 5;17(5):892. doi: 10.3390/cancers17050892.
Thyroid cancer is a rising concern in children and adolescents, with unique biological behaviors compared to adults. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological trends, pathological features, and regional disparities of thyroid cancer in this population using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.
Data on thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2021 were extracted for individuals under 20 years old. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate temporal trends. The Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was applied to assess regional variations. Future trends were projected using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.
From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents increased significantly, with an EAPC of 1.17%. Low-SDI regions exhibited the highest rise in incidence (EAPC: 2.19%), while high-SDI regions experienced a slight decline (EAPC: -0.69%). Mortality decreased globally (EAPC: -0.27%), with notable reductions in high- and middle-SDI regions but stable or increasing rates in low-SDI regions. Females consistently exhibited higher incidence rates across all SDI levels, while males in high-SDI regions showed higher mortality rates. Future projections suggest a steady decline in incidence and mortality rates through 2050.
The increasing incidence and persistent mortality disparities of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents highlight the need for targeted public health interventions. Regions with low socioeconomic development require prioritized strategies to address this growing burden. These findings provide crucial insights for early diagnosis, treatment optimization, and global health policy formulation.
甲状腺癌在儿童和青少年中的关注度日益上升，与成年人相比具有独特的生物学行为。本研究旨在利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）的数据，探讨该人群甲状腺癌的流行病学趋势、病理特征和地区差异。
提取1990年至2021年20岁以下个体的甲状腺癌发病率和死亡率数据。计算估计年百分比变化（EAPC）以评估时间趋势。应用社会人口学指数（SDI）评估地区差异。使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测未来趋势。
1990年至2021年，全球儿童和青少年甲状腺癌发病率显著上升，EAPC为1.17%。低SDI地区发病率上升幅度最大（EAPC：2.19%），而高SDI地区略有下降（EAPC：-0.69%）。全球死亡率下降（EAPC：-0.27%），高SDI和中SDI地区显著下降，而低SDI地区死亡率稳定或上升。在所有SDI水平上，女性发病率始终较高，而高SDI地区男性死亡率较高。未来预测表明，到2050年发病率和死亡率将稳步下降。
儿童和青少年甲状腺癌发病率上升和死亡率持续存在差异，凸显了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性。社会经济发展水平较低的地区需要优先制定战略，以应对这一日益加重的负担。这些发现为早期诊断、治疗优化和全球卫生政策制定提供了关键见解。
