Identification of Submergence Tolerance Loci in Dongxiang Wild Rice (DXWR) by Genetic Linkage and Transcriptome Analyses.

The submergence tolerance of rice is a key factor in promoting rice direct seeding technology and resisting flood disasters. Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) has strong submergence tolerance, but its genetic basis is still unclear. Here, we report quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis for hypoxic germination rate (HGR), hypoxic seedling rate (HSR), budlet submergence survival rate (BSSR) and seedling submergence survival rate (SSSR) using a linkage map in the backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRILs) that were derived from a cross of DXWR, and an indica cultivar, GZX49. A total of 20 QTLs related to submergence tolerance of rice were detected, explaining phenotypic variations ranging from 2% to 8.5%. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the seeds and seedlings of DXWR before and after submergence. During the seed hypoxic germination and seedling submergence stages, 6306 and 3226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted on these differentially expressed genes. Using genetic linkage analysis and transcriptome data, combined with qRT-PCR, sequence comparison, and bioinformatics, was putatively identified as a candidate gene for co-located with HGR and SSSR. These results will provide insights into the mechanism of rice submergence tolerance and provide a basis for improving rice submergence tolerance.