Alshehri Norah A, Alessa Maha Saud, Alrasheed Abdullah A, Alyousefi Nada, Alwatban Lemmese, AlSaif Haytham I, Alshehri Ameerah Ali
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia.
University Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Feb 25;13(5):496. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13050496.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as an important tool for the improvement of glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, its use has not been greatly explored among adolescents with special physiological and psychosocial challenges. This study evaluated the role of CGM in supporting glycemic control among high-risk adolescents with T1D in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective observational study was conducted among 73 adolescents aged 12-19 with T1D and baseline HbA1c ≥ 9% treated at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were extracted from electronic health records over a three-month period. The HbA1c levels before and after CGM use were analyzed using paired -tests. In addition, analyses included studying the correlations and regression models and assessing associations between changes in HbA1c and patient characteristics. Mean HbA1c was significantly reduced from 9.48 ± 2.22% to 9.06 ± 1.91% following three months of CGM, with an average decrease of -0.42 ± 1.37%, = 0.011. Changes in HbA1c did not correlate with various patient factors of interest: age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, and insulin type. Within a specified timeframe, 54.8% of patients reported hypoglycemia, and 38.4% reported diabetic ketoacidosis. : CGM resulted in a small but statistically significant improvement in glycemic control in adolescents with T1D. Given such results, these findings highlight the need for larger, long-term trials to optimize CGM use in this vulnerable population, particularly through integrating advanced features (e.g., predictive alarms) and structured education programs to reduce hypoglycemia and DKA risks. Effective integration of CGM in daily diabetes management may lead to better long-term clinical outcomes and improved quality of life for adolescents.
连续血糖监测（CGM）已成为改善1型糖尿病（T1D）患者血糖控制的重要工具。然而，在面临特殊生理和心理社会挑战的青少年中，其应用尚未得到充分探索。本研究评估了CGM在支持沙特阿拉伯高危T1D青少年血糖控制中的作用。这项回顾性观察研究在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的哈立德国王大学医院对73名年龄在12 - 19岁、T1D且基线糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）≥9%的青少年进行。数据从三个月期间的电子健康记录中提取。使用配对t检验分析CGM使用前后的HbA1c水平。此外，分析包括研究相关性和回归模型以及评估HbA1c变化与患者特征之间的关联。CGM使用三个月后，平均HbA1c从9.48±2.22%显著降至9.06±1.91%，平均下降-0.42±1.37%，P = 0.011。HbA1c的变化与各种感兴趣的患者因素（年龄、性别、体重指数、病程和胰岛素类型）无关。在特定时间范围内，54.8%的患者报告有低血糖，38.4%的患者报告有糖尿病酮症酸中毒。结论：CGM导致T1D青少年的血糖控制有小幅但具有统计学意义的改善。鉴于这些结果，这些发现凸显了开展更大规模、长期试验的必要性，以优化在这一脆弱人群中CGM的使用，特别是通过整合先进功能（如预测警报）和结构化教育项目来降低低血糖和糖尿病酮症酸中毒风险。将CGM有效整合到日常糖尿病管理中可能会为青少年带来更好的长期临床结局和更高的生活质量。
