Arguelles-Lopez Alejandra, Aguayo-Patrón Sandra V, Calderón de la Barca Ana M
Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2025 Feb 27;17(5):826. doi: 10.3390/nu17050826.
Rapid weight gain in early infancy increases the risk of childhood obesity, while exclusive breastfeeding can protect against it, depending on breastmilk composition, maternal diet, and infant gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between maternal diet, breastmilk components, infant gut microbiota, and weight gain in the first year of life of Mexican breastfed infants. This longitudinal study included 27 mothers with exclusively breastfed infants (≥5 months of age). We evaluated maternal diet and breastmilk composition at 5 months postpartum (pp), the infant fecal microbiota at 5 and 12 months pp using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and weight gain as normal, rapid or slow weight gain (NWG, RWG or SWG) in periods 1 (0-5.5 months) and 2 (5.5-12 months). Infants with NWG in periods 1 and 2 made up 51% and 56%, respectively. In period 1, ingested breastmilk protein content was higher for NWG infants than for infants with SWG ( = 0.01), and the protein content was negatively correlated with maternal BMI ( = -0.42, = 0.02). The genera (19.5%), (19.5%), and (16.8%) dominated the microbiota at 5 months. At 12 months, predominated, and the first two genera remained. Breastmilk fat correlated with abundance ( = -0.50, = 0.02) and oligosaccharides with Lachnospiraceae ( = 0.73, = 0.03) at 5 months. There was a trend of a higher abundance of in NWG infants than in other infants in period 1, while infants with RWG and SWG had a higher abundance of ( = 0.03) in period 1 and in period 2 ( = 0.01), respectively. Breastfeeding shaped the gut microbiota of exclusively breastfed infants, and its structure was associated with infant weight gain trajectories.
婴儿早期体重快速增加会增加儿童肥胖的风险，而纯母乳喂养可以预防这种情况，这取决于母乳成分、母亲饮食和婴儿肠道微生物群。本研究的目的是分析墨西哥纯母乳喂养婴儿出生后第一年母亲饮食、母乳成分、婴儿肠道微生物群与体重增加之间的关联。这项纵向研究纳入了27名母亲及其纯母乳喂养的婴儿（≥5月龄）。我们评估了产后5个月（pp）时母亲的饮食和母乳成分，使用16S rRNA基因测序评估了产后5个月和12个月时婴儿的粪便微生物群，以及第1阶段（0 - 5.5个月）和第2阶段（5.5 - 12个月）的体重增加情况，分为正常、快速或缓慢体重增加（NWG、RWG或SWG）。第1阶段和第2阶段体重正常增加的婴儿分别占51%和56%。在第1阶段，体重正常增加的婴儿摄入的母乳蛋白质含量高于体重缓慢增加的婴儿（P = 0.01），且蛋白质含量与母亲BMI呈负相关（r = -0.42，P = 0.02）。5个月时，微生物群以双歧杆菌属（19.5%）、乳杆菌属（19.5%）和拟杆菌属（16.8%）为主。12个月时，以粪杆菌属为主，前两个属仍然存在。5个月时，母乳脂肪与双歧杆菌属丰度相关（r = -0.50，P = 0.02），母乳低聚糖与毛螺菌科相关（r = 0.73，P = 0.03）。第1阶段体重正常增加的婴儿中双歧杆菌属丰度有高于其他婴儿的趋势，而体重快速增加和缓慢增加的婴儿在第1阶段和第2阶段分别有较高的葡萄球菌属丰度（P = 0.03）和瘤胃球菌属丰度（P = 0.01）。母乳喂养塑造了纯母乳喂养婴儿的肠道微生物群，其结构与婴儿体重增加轨迹相关。
