Liang Zhengyun, Yan Jiamin, Zhao Sidan, He Lingxiao, Zhao Xinxu, Cai Lingchao, You Chaoqun, Wang Fei
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Phytochem Anal. 2025 Jul;36(5):1539-1559. doi: 10.1002/pca.3529. Epub 2025 Mar 13.
Pine needles are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and there are few reports on the extraction and identification of active substances in various types of pine needles.
The objective of this study is to enhance the efficiency and yield of pine needle essential oil extraction by employing an innovative ultrasonic-assisted salt-out hydrodistillation technology. It also aims to establish a correlation between gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) to distinguish essential oils from Cedrus deodara, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus massoniana, and Pinus koraiensis.
Optimal extraction conditions will be determined through dynamic curve fitting and response surface analysis. Essential oils will be analyzed by E-nose and GC-MS coupled with chemometrics. Radical-scavenging effects on ·OH, DPPH·, ABTS radicals, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus will be evaluated.
Optimal extraction conditions were 100 min of distillation, 7.762% sodium chloride, 9.596-mL/g liquid material ratio, and 170.155-W ultrasonic power. Essential oil yields were 0.144%, 0.214%, 0.425%, and 0.852% for C. deodara, P. thunbergii, P. massoniana, and P. koraiensis, respectively. GC-MS identified 74 volatile components. PLS-DA revealed nine key compounds, including α-Myrcene, α-Pinene, α-Phellandrene, Limonene, Caryophyllene, Bornyl acetate, β-Pinene, Germacrene D, and Camphene. PCA of E-nose and GC-MS data highlighted sample differences. All essential oils exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities, linked to α-pinene, β-Pinene, and Germacrene D.
This study introduces efficient methods for efficient extraction and characterization of pine needle essential oils, providing a foundation for bioactive applications and enhancing product quality and global innovation in the industry.
松针是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，而关于各类松针中活性物质的提取与鉴定的报道较少。
本研究的目的是通过采用创新的超声辅助盐析水蒸馏技术提高松针精油提取的效率和产率。它还旨在建立气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）与电子鼻（E - nose）之间的相关性，以区分雪松、黑松、马尾松和红松的精油。
通过动态曲线拟合和响应面分析确定最佳提取条件。精油将通过电子鼻和GC - MS结合化学计量学进行分析。评估对·OH、DPPH·、ABTS自由基的自由基清除作用以及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性。
最佳提取条件为蒸馏100分钟、氯化钠含量7.762%、液料比9.596 mL/g以及超声功率170.155 W。雪松、黑松、马尾松和红松的精油产率分别为0.144%、0.214%、0.425%和0.852%。GC - MS鉴定出74种挥发性成分。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS - DA）揭示了9种关键化合物，包括α - 月桂烯、α - 蒎烯、α - 水芹烯、柠檬烯石竹烯、乙酸冰片酯、β - 蒎烯、杜松烯和莰烯。电子鼻和GC - MS数据的主成分分析（PCA）突出了样品差异。所有精油均表现出抗氧化和抗菌活性，这与α - 蒎烯、β - 蒎烯和杜松烯有关。
本研究介绍了高效提取和表征松针精油的有效方法，为生物活性应用提供了基础，并提高了产品质量和该行业的全球创新能力。
