de Aquino Isabella Luiza Martins, Azevedo Bruna Luiza, Arias Nidia Esther Colquehuanca, Dos Reis Rodrigues Matheus Felipe, Abrahão Jônatas Santos
Laboratório de Vírus, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Arch Virol. 2025 Mar 13;170(4):77. doi: 10.1007/s00705-025-06261-1.
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, with an estimated 10 viruses in the biosphere. These particles serve as the crucial link between viral replication cycles in different host cells, employing a variety of release mechanisms, such as cell lysis, exocytosis, and budding. Among the diverse viral groups, giant viruses have garnered significant scientific interest due to their complex particles and genomes. Giant viruses may infect amoebae and other unicellular protists, exhibiting remarkable variation in size, shape, and symmetry. They belong to the realm Varidnaviria, kingdom Bamfordvirae, and phylum Nucleocytoviricota. This review examines the diverse viral release strategies employed by giant viruses, highlighting the mechanisms they use to exit host cells. These include the induction of cell lysis, vesicle formation, and exocytosis, which vary not only between different species but also within individual viral groups. The diversity of release mechanisms reflects the complex evolutionary adaptations of giant viruses, providing information about their biology and life cycles.
病毒是地球上数量最多的生物实体，据估计生物圈中有10种病毒。这些颗粒是不同宿主细胞中病毒复制周期之间的关键环节，采用多种释放机制，如细胞裂解、胞吐作用和出芽。在各种病毒类群中，巨型病毒因其复杂的颗粒和基因组而引起了科学界的极大兴趣。巨型病毒可能感染变形虫和其他单细胞原生生物，在大小、形状和对称性方面表现出显著差异。它们属于泛DNA病毒界、班福德病毒门和核质巨DNA病毒纲。本综述研究了巨型病毒采用的多种病毒释放策略，重点介绍了它们离开宿主细胞的机制。这些机制包括诱导细胞裂解、囊泡形成和胞吐作用，这些机制不仅在不同物种之间有所不同，而且在单个病毒类群中也有所不同。释放机制的多样性反映了巨型病毒复杂的进化适应性，提供了有关其生物学和生命周期的信息。
