Ali Bulbul, Sharma Neelam, Gautam Rohit Kumar, Mishra Abha
Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2025 Mar 13;51(2):65. doi: 10.1007/s10695-025-01481-3.
Fish are facing compromised health with mass mortality due to the decreased water quality of aquatic bodies. The brain, a complex body organ that controls whole body physiology, is influenced first by any kind of water fluctuations, and by keeping it relaxed and nourished, fish health can be improved. Among freshwater fish, catfish Heteropneustes fossilis has importance not only as a rich nutrient source but also due to medicinal significance. This study evaluated the impact of pyrimidine, a well-known organic compound with several therapeutic properties, on the cerebral health of the freshwater catfish H. fossilis as a bioremediation of aquatic environmental threats. In experiments, to get an effective concentration of pyrimidine, fish were incubated with different doses of pyrimidine (10 fg/mL-1 mg/mL) for 24 h, and brain histotexture and fish survival were recorded. As per the results of the previous experiment, an effective concentration of pyrimidine (10 pg/mL) was given for different durations (1-, 5- and 21-day incubation with pyrimidine and recovery; after 21-day treatment in only water for 7 days) along with the control group. Results exhibited that the level of cerebral antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation were significantly lower, and macromolecules (carbohydrate, protein and lipid) were increased in pyrimidine-treated fish with duration of pyrimidine treatment as compared to the control group. Histo-neurological analysis of the brain with haematoxylin-eosin and cresyl violet revealed that an effective, nonlethal concentration of pyrimidine supported overall neuronal health without any histopathological changes. However, in the recovery experimental group, results showed reverting of pyrimidine induced positive changes in antioxidative enzyme and energy biomolecule levels, supporting the non-bio-accumulative nature of pyrimidine. However, microphotographs revealed that the neuronal quantity (cresyl violet) and cellular histotexture (haematoxylin-eosin) improvement due to pyrimidine were sustained in the recovery group. The results of this study suggested that effective concentration of pyrimidine improved the brain health of H. fossilis in a duration-dependent manner compared to control fish due to increased metabolism by upregulating energy macromolecule and cellular-neuronal texture along with downregulation of antioxidative stress.
由于水体水质下降，鱼类正面临健康受损和大量死亡的问题。大脑是一个控制全身生理机能的复杂器官，任何水体波动都会首先对其产生影响，保持大脑放松和得到滋养，鱼类健康就能得到改善。在淡水鱼中，鲇鱼（Heteropneustes fossilis）不仅作为一种丰富的营养来源具有重要意义，还具有药用价值。本研究评估了嘧啶（一种具有多种治疗特性的著名有机化合物）作为水生环境威胁生物修复手段，对淡水鲇鱼大脑健康的影响。在实验中，为了获得嘧啶的有效浓度，将鱼用不同剂量的嘧啶（10飞克/毫升 - 1毫克/毫升）孵育24小时，并记录大脑组织纹理和鱼的存活率。根据先前实验的结果，除对照组外，给予有效浓度的嘧啶（10皮克/毫升），孵育不同时间（用嘧啶孵育1天、5天和21天及恢复；21天处理后仅在水中7天）。结果显示，与对照组相比，嘧啶处理的鱼随着嘧啶处理时间的延长，大脑抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶）水平和脂质过氧化显著降低，而大分子物质（碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质）增加。用苏木精 - 伊红和甲酚紫对大脑进行组织神经学分析表明，有效、非致死浓度的嘧啶支持整体神经元健康，无任何组织病理学变化。然而，在恢复实验组中，结果显示嘧啶诱导的抗氧化酶和能量生物分子水平的积极变化出现逆转，这支持了嘧啶的非生物累积性质。然而，显微照片显示，恢复组中由于嘧啶导致的神经元数量（甲酚紫）和细胞组织纹理（苏木精 - 伊红）改善得以维持。本研究结果表明，与对照鱼相比，有效浓度的嘧啶通过上调能量大分子和细胞 - 神经元纹理以及下调抗氧化应激来增加新陈代谢，从而以时间依赖的方式改善了鲇鱼的大脑健康。
