Bedell H E, Flom M C, Barbeito R
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985 Jul;26(7):909-16.
Spatial uncertainty and distortion were quantified from judgement of the horizontal position of a flashed 0.5 deg vertical line with respect to a flanking reference target in strabismics with and without reduced acuity. Spatial uncertainty was outside the range of 30 normal eyes in all of 23 strabismic amblyopic eyes (visual acuity = 20/40 or worse) and in 20 of 22 squinting eyes with 20/30 or better acuity. Abnormal spatial distortion was found in 16 amblyopic and 10 squinting eyes. In the deviated eyes of the strabismics, the extent of spatial uncertainty and distortion correlated with visual acuity. Spatial aberrations were not accounted for by strabismics' unsteady or eccentric fixation, nor were they mimicked in normal eyes when visual acuity was artifically reduced. The authors suggest that spatial uncertainty and distortion represent the primary abnormalities in strabismics and produce deficits of visual acuity according to their severity.
通过判断视力减退和未减退的斜视患者中一条0.5度垂直闪烁线相对于侧翼参考目标的水平位置，对空间不确定性和畸变进行了量化。在23只斜视性弱视眼中（视力为20/40或更差），以及在22只视力为20/30或更好的斜视眼中的20只眼中，空间不确定性超出了30只正常眼睛的范围。在16只弱视眼和10只斜视眼中发现了异常的空间畸变。在斜视患者的偏斜眼中，空间不确定性和畸变的程度与视力相关。空间像差不能用斜视患者不稳定或偏心注视来解释，当视力人为降低时，正常眼睛也不会出现这种情况。作者认为，空间不确定性和畸变是斜视患者的主要异常情况，并根据其严重程度导致视力缺陷。
