Khanzadeh Majid, Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein, Yazici Metin, Van Doan Hien
Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Mar 15. doi: 10.1007/s12602-025-10502-9.
This study investigates the effect of Sargassum ilicifolium algae fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics on growth, immunity, gene expression, and digestive and antioxidant enzymes before and after challenge with Streptococcus iniae in trout. Trout (50.69 ± 1.33 g) were fed with different percentages of S. ilicifolium (SI) powder over an 8-week trial. The supplements included both unfermented (SI 0.5%, SI 1%, SI 2%) and fermented (FSI 0.5%, FSI 1%, FSI 2%) forms. A significant increase in white blood cells was observed in the group receiving 2% FSI compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All growth factors in trout notably increased with varying levels of fermented and unfermented S. ilicifolium powder compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Biochemical parameters including serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase exhibited a notable rise before the challenge with S. iniae (P < 0.05). Immune parameters, including total immunoglobulin, lysozyme, complement 3, bactericidal activity, and nitroblue tetrazolium showed increases both before and after the challenge with S. iniae (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of the insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Ghrelin genes showed significant increases both before and after exposure (P < 0.05). Also, antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes increased significantly before and after exposure (P < 0.05). All levels of unfermented and fermented, except for SI 0.5%, showed significant increases compared to the control group following the challenge with S. iniae (P < 0.05). Overall, fermented and unfermented S. ilicifolium support growth and enhance immune, antioxidant, and digestive functions in rainbow trout effectively.
本研究调查了使用植物乳杆菌和酿酒酵母益生菌对鳀叶马尾藻进行藻类发酵，在虹鳟鱼受到海豚链球菌攻击前后，对其生长、免疫、基因表达以及消化和抗氧化酶的影响。在为期8周的试验中，给体重为（50.69±1.33克）的虹鳟鱼投喂不同比例的鳀叶马尾藻（SI）粉末。补充剂包括未发酵（SI 0.5%、SI 1%、SI 2%）和发酵（FSI 0.5%、FSI 1%、FSI 2%）形式。与对照组相比，接受2%FSI的组中白细胞显著增加（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，不同水平的发酵和未发酵鳀叶马尾藻粉末使虹鳟鱼的所有生长因子显著增加（P<0.05）。包括血清谷丙转氨酶、血清谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶在内的生化参数在受到海豚链球菌攻击前显著升高（P<0.05）。包括总免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶、补体3、杀菌活性和硝基蓝四氮唑在内的免疫参数在受到海豚链球菌攻击前后均有所增加（P<0.05）。此外，胰岛素样生长因子-1、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和胃饥饿素基因的表达水平在暴露前后均显著增加（P<0.05）。同样，抗氧化酶和消化酶在暴露前后也显著增加（P<0.05）。在受到海豚链球菌攻击后，除SI 0.5%外，所有未发酵和发酵水平与对照组相比均显著增加（P<0.05）。总体而言，发酵和未发酵的鳀叶马尾藻能有效支持虹鳟鱼的生长，并增强其免疫、抗氧化和消化功能。
