Men Jianbing, Wang Xinyue, Zhou Yunnuo, Huang Yumeng, Zheng Yue, Wang Yingze, Yang Shuang, Chen Nan, Yan Nan, Duan Xiaoxu
Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, PR China.
Liaoning Provincial Health Service Center,Shenyang 110034, PR China.
Cell Signal. 2025 Jul;131:111715. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111715. Epub 2025 Mar 13.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases in which the progressive loss of subtype-specific neurons leads to dysfunction. NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of NDDs involves various mechanisms, including genetic factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the immune response. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation mediates the interactions between DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, thus affecting gene transcription. A growing body of research links epigenetic modifications to crucial pathways involved in the occurrence and development of NDDs. Epigenetics has also been found to regulate and maintain nervous system function, and its imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of NDDs. The present review summarizes focuses on the role of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of NDDs and provides an overview of the key genes regulated by DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs in NDDs. Further, the current research status of epigenetics in NDDs is summarized and the potential application of epigenetics in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NDDs is discussed.
神经退行性疾病（NDDs）是一类疾病，其中特定亚型神经元的逐渐丧失会导致功能障碍。NDDs包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿舞蹈病（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）等。先前的研究表明，NDDs的发病机制涉及多种机制，包括遗传因素、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和免疫反应。最近的研究表明，表观遗传调控介导了DNA甲基化、染色质重塑、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA之间的相互作用，从而影响基因转录。越来越多的研究将表观遗传修饰与NDDs发生和发展所涉及的关键途径联系起来。还发现表观遗传学可调节和维持神经系统功能，其失衡与NDDs的发生和发展密切相关。本综述总结了表观遗传修饰在NDDs发病机制中的作用，并概述了NDDs中受DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控的关键基因。此外，总结了表观遗传学在NDDs中的当前研究现状，并讨论了表观遗传学在NDDs临床诊断和治疗中的潜在应用。
