Shi Keda, He Chengwen, Pan Hui, Liu Dong, Zhang Ji, Han Weili, Xiang Yuting, Hu Ning
Department of Lung Transplantation and General Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Microsyst Nanoeng. 2025 Mar 17;11(1):50. doi: 10.1038/s41378-025-00891-w.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death globally, posing a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology is pivotal for the understanding and management of CVDs, particularly for addressing arrhythmias. A significant proliferation of micro-nano bioelectric devices and systems has occurred in the field of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. These bioelectronic platforms feature distinctive electrode geometries that improve the fidelity of native electrophysiological signals. Despite the prevalence of planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for simultaneous multichannel recording of cellular electrophysiological signals, extracellular recordings often yield suboptimal signal quality. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) MEAs and advanced penetration strategies allow high-fidelity intracellular signal detection. 3D nanodevices are categorized into the active and the passive. Active devices rely on external power sources to work, while passive devices operate without external power. Passive devices possess simplicity, biocompatibility, stability, and lower power consumption compared to active ones, making them ideal for sensors and implantable applications. This review comprehensively discusses the fabrication, geometric configuration, and penetration strategies of passive 3D micro/nanodevices, emphasizing their application in drug screening and disease modeling. Moreover, we summarize existing challenges and future opportunities to develop passive micro/nanobioelectronic devices from cardiac electrophysiological research to cardiovascular clinical practice.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球首要死因，对人类健康构成重大威胁。心脏电生理学对于理解和管理心血管疾病至关重要，尤其是在解决心律失常方面。在心肌细胞电生理学领域，微纳生物电设备和系统大量涌现。这些生物电子平台具有独特的电极几何形状，可提高天然电生理信号的保真度。尽管平面微电极阵列（MEA）普遍用于同时多通道记录细胞电生理信号，但细胞外记录往往产生次优的信号质量。相比之下，三维（3D）MEA和先进的穿透策略可实现高保真细胞内信号检测。3D纳米设备分为有源和无源两类。有源设备依靠外部电源工作，而无源设备无需外部电源即可运行。与有源设备相比，无源设备具有简单、生物相容性好、稳定性高和功耗低的特点，使其成为传感器和可植入应用的理想选择。本文综述全面讨论了无源3D微/纳米设备的制造、几何构型和穿透策略，强调了它们在药物筛选和疾病建模中的应用。此外，我们总结了从心脏电生理研究到心血管临床实践开发无源微/纳米生物电子设备的现有挑战和未来机遇。
