Sun Lingyun, Xue Tianqing, Zhao Zhimin
School of Sports and Health Management, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou, China.
School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 3;13:1554136. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1554136. eCollection 2025.
Executive function has a significant impact on adolescents' academic and future achievement and is strongly associated with multiple factors. However, few studies have examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function. Moreover, no research studies have been found on Tajik adolescents at high altitudes in China. The present study aimed to understand the associations between SSB consumption, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function among Tajik adolescents in high-altitude areas of China. To accumulate information on the physical and mental health development of Tajik adolescents in high-altitude areas of China.
In this study, a cross-sectional assessment of SSB consumption, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function was conducted on 1,121 Tajik adolescents aged 13-15 years at high altitude in China in 2023. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), binary logistic regression analysis, and ordered logistic regression analysis with a generalized linear model were used to analyze the associations that existed between SSB consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function.
The proportions of Tajik adolescents aged 13-15 years with SSB consumption of ≤1 time/week, 2-5 times/week, and ≥ 6 times/week were 14.6, 51.6, and 33.8%, respectively, in high-altitude areas of China. The VO of Tajik adolescents was (37.17 ± 5.52) ml.kg.min. The inhibit control function response, refreshing memory function response, and switching flexibility function response of Chinese Tajik adolescents were (19.71 ± 5.86) ms, (1114.39 ± 356.85) ms, (382.2 ± 213.4) ms. Overall, using the SSB consumption ≤1 times/w and VO of the Q4 group as the reference group, ordered logistic regression analysis showed that Tajik adolescents with SSB consumption ≥5 times/w and VO of the Q1 group experienced inhibit control function dysfunction (OR = 28.80, 95%CI: 10.23 ~ 81.07), refreshing memory function dysfunction (OR = 6.79, 95%CI: 3.19 ~ 14.43), switching flexibility function dysfunction (OR = 13.10, 95%CI: 5.59 ~ 30.70) were at increased risk ( < 0.001).
SSB consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with executive function in Tajik adolescents at high altitudes in China. Increased frequency of SSB consumption and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness increased the risk of executive function disorders in Tajik adolescents. In the future, SSB consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness should be effectively controlled in Tajik adolescents to improve their executive function and promote the physical and mental health of Tajik adolescents in high-altitude areas.
执行功能对青少年的学业和未来成就有重大影响，且与多种因素密切相关。然而，很少有研究探讨含糖饮料（SSB）消费、心肺适能与执行功能之间的关联。此外，尚未发现针对中国高海拔地区塔吉克族青少年的相关研究。本研究旨在了解中国高海拔地区塔吉克族青少年的SSB消费、心肺适能与执行功能之间的关联，以积累中国高海拔地区塔吉克族青少年身心健康发展的相关信息。
本研究于2023年对中国高海拔地区1121名13 - 15岁的塔吉克族青少年进行了SSB消费、心肺适能和执行功能的横断面评估。采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）、二元逻辑回归分析和广义线性模型的有序逻辑回归分析来分析SSB消费与心肺适能和执行功能之间的关联。
在中国高海拔地区，13 - 15岁的塔吉克族青少年中，每周饮用SSB≤1次、2 - 5次和≥6次的比例分别为14.6%、51.6%和33.8%。塔吉克族青少年的摄氧量为（37.17±5.52）ml·kg·min。中国塔吉克族青少年的抑制控制功能反应、刷新记忆功能反应和转换灵活性功能反应分别为（19.71±5.86）ms、（1114.39±356.85）ms、（382.2±213.4）ms。总体而言，以每周饮用SSB≤1次且摄氧量处于Q4组为参照组，有序逻辑回归分析显示，每周饮用SSB≥5次且摄氧量处于Q1组的塔吉克族青少年出现抑制控制功能障碍（OR = 28.80，95%CI：10.23～81.07）、刷新记忆功能障碍（OR = 6.79，95%CI：3.19～14.43）、转换灵活性功能障碍（OR = 13.10，95%CI：5.59～30.70）的风险增加（P<0.001）。
在中国高海拔地区的塔吉克族青少年中，SSB消费和心肺适能与执行功能相关。SSB消费频率增加和心肺适能下降会增加塔吉克族青少年执行功能障碍的风险。未来，应有效控制塔吉克族青少年的SSB消费和心肺适能，以改善其执行功能，促进高海拔地区塔吉克族青少年的身心健康。
