Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Aug;139:104703. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104703. Epub 2022 May 25.
In severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD), attentional bias refers to the preferential allocation of attentional resources toward alcohol-related cues. Dominant models consider that this bias plays a key role in the emergence and maintenance of SAUD. We evaluate the available experimental support for this assumption through a systematic literature review, providing a critical synthesis of studies exploring the links between alcohol consumption and attentional bias. Using PRISMA guidelines, we explored three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) and extracted 95 papers. We assessed their methodological quality and categorized them based on the population targeted, namely patients with SAUD or subclinical populations with various drinking patterns. We also classified papers according to the measures used (i.e., behavioral or eye-tracking measures). Overall, subclinical populations present an alcohol-related bias, but many studies in SAUD did not find such bias, nor approach/avoidance patterns. Moreover, attentional bias fluctuates alongside motivational states rather than according to alcohol use severity, which questions its stability. We provide recommendations to develop further theoretical knowledge and overcome methodological shortcomings.
在严重的酒精使用障碍（SAUD）中，注意力偏向是指对与酒精相关的线索的注意力资源的优先分配。占主导地位的模型认为，这种偏差在 SAUD 的出现和维持中起着关键作用。我们通过系统的文献回顾评估了这一假设的现有实验支持，对探索饮酒与注意力偏向之间联系的研究进行了批判性综合。我们使用 PRISMA 指南探索了三个数据库（PsycINFO、PubMed、Scopus），并提取了 95 篇论文。我们评估了它们的方法学质量，并根据目标人群进行了分类，即 SAUD 患者或具有各种饮酒模式的亚临床人群。我们还根据使用的测量方法（即行为或眼动测量）对论文进行了分类。总体而言，亚临床人群表现出与酒精相关的偏向，但 SAUD 中的许多研究并未发现这种偏向，也没有接近/回避模式。此外，注意力偏向随着动机状态而波动，而不是根据酒精使用的严重程度，这质疑了它的稳定性。我们提供了进一步发展理论知识和克服方法学缺陷的建议。
