Almevall Albin Dahlin, Wennberg Patrik, Liv Per, Nyman Emma, Lindvall Kristina, Norberg Margareta, Chorell Elin, Wennberg Maria
Umeå University - Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
Umeå University - Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf155.
To investigate the association between dietary patterns at ages 40, 50 and 60 and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis at age 60.
Participants that were 60 years of age at the Swedish VIPVIZA (VisualiZation of asymptomatic Atherosclerotic disease) trial baseline (2013-2016) with retrospective VIP (Västerbotten Intervention Programme) dietary data at ages 40, 50, and 60 (n=1034) were included. Dietary patterns were assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS), while carotid ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque (CP). Multivariable regressions and mediation analysis investigated associations, sex differences and potential mediating factors.
High (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52-0.98) or midrange (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99) cumulative MDS for ages 40, 50 and 60, as compared to low, was associated with lower CP presence at age 60. Initial sex-stratified analysis yielded similar, though non-significant, point estimates. Further analysis revealed that the relationship between plaque and MDS seem driven more by women (0.41, 95% CI: 0.237-0.703) while a significant association between CIMT and MDS was only present in men (p < 0.05). HDS during midlife did not show any significant associations with CP or CIMT at age 60.
Findings underscore associations of midlife Mediterranean-style diet and lower presence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis at age 60 and confirm the significance of dietary interventions as potential means for cardiovascular disease prevention. The study enhances understanding of long-term dietary patterns and their link to subclinical atherosclerosis, supporting future interventions and further research.
研究40岁、50岁和60岁时的饮食模式与60岁时亚临床颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关联。
纳入瑞典VIPVIZA（无症状动脉粥样硬化疾病可视化）试验基线（2013 - 2016年）时60岁的参与者，这些参与者具有40岁、50岁和60岁时回顾性的VIP（韦斯特博滕干预计划）饮食数据（n = 1034）。使用地中海饮食评分（MDS）和健康饮食评分（HDS）评估饮食模式，同时使用颈动脉超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）和颈动脉斑块（CP）。多变量回归和中介分析研究了关联、性别差异和潜在中介因素。
与低累积MDS相比，40岁、50岁和60岁时高（OR：0.72，95% CI：0.52 - 0.98）或中等范围（OR：0.74，95% CI：0.55 - 0.99）的累积MDS与60岁时较低的CP存在相关。最初的性别分层分析得出了相似但不显著的点估计值。进一步分析表明，斑块与MDS之间的关系似乎更多地由女性驱动（0.41，95% CI：0.237 - 0.703），而CIMT与MDS之间的显著关联仅在男性中存在（p < 0.05）。中年时期的HDS与60岁时的CP或CIMT没有显示出任何显著关联。
研究结果强调了中年地中海式饮食与60岁时较低的亚临床颈动脉粥样硬化发生率之间的关联，并证实了饮食干预作为心血管疾病预防潜在手段的重要性。该研究增进了对长期饮食模式及其与亚临床动脉粥样硬化联系的理解，支持未来的干预措施和进一步研究。
