Rupp Laney A, Bhatia Shaun, Lee Daniel B, Wyatt Rachel, Bushman Gregory, Wyatt Thomas A, Pizarro Jesenia M, Wixom Caroline, Zimmerman Marc A, Reischl Thomas M
Department of Health Behavior and Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12802.
In the U.S., crime and violence are concentrated in cities that have lost industry and population due to economic disinvestment and structurally racist policies. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have called for community-level approaches that reduce violence in these cities by improving unsafe physical environments, increasing social equity and cohesion, and engaging community members in neighborhood change. We tested Busy Streets Theory by examining how community-engaged Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies implemented by a community coalition may reduce violent and violent firearm crime incidents in Flint, Michigan, a legacy city in the Midwestern U.S. We used linear mixed effects regression models to examine how the annual aggregate intensity of physical and social CPTED activities from 2015 to 2018 was associated with changes in annual violent crime levels from 2016 to 2019 for 505 street segments in Flint, MI. After adjusting for baseline violent crime density, neighborhood disadvantage, property maintenance, and spatially lagged violent crime density, we observed that higher levels of community-engaged CPTED intensity were associated with steeper declines in violent crime density over time (β = -0.14, p < 0.001). Similarly, higher levels of community-engaged CPTED intensity were associated with steeper declines in violent firearm crime density over time (β = -0.19, p < 0.001). The results suggest the vital role that creating busy streets through community-engaged CPTED may play in community violence prevention.
在美国，犯罪和暴力集中在那些由于经济撤资和结构性种族主义政策而失去产业和人口的城市。研究人员、从业者和政策制定者呼吁采取社区层面的方法，通过改善不安全的物理环境、增强社会公平与凝聚力以及让社区成员参与邻里变革来减少这些城市的暴力行为。我们通过研究一个社区联盟实施的社区参与式环境设计预防犯罪（CPTED）策略如何减少美国中西部遗留城市密歇根州弗林特的暴力和暴力枪支犯罪事件，来检验繁忙街道理论。我们使用线性混合效应回归模型，研究了2015年至2018年弗林特市505个街道段的物理和社会CPTED活动的年度总强度与2016年至2019年年度暴力犯罪水平变化之间的关联。在对基线暴力犯罪密度、邻里劣势、物业维护和空间滞后暴力犯罪密度进行调整后，我们观察到，随着时间的推移，社区参与式CPTED强度越高，暴力犯罪密度下降得越陡峭（β = -0.14，p < 0.001）。同样，随着时间的推移，社区参与式CPTED强度越高，暴力枪支犯罪密度下降得越陡峭（β = -0.19，p < 0.001）。结果表明，通过社区参与式CPTED打造繁忙街道在社区暴力预防中可能发挥至关重要的作用。
