Cicatiello C, Gowers S A N, Smith G K, Pinggera D, Orlob S, Wallner B, Schiefecker A, Moser N, Georgiou P, Helbok R, Martini J, Putzer G, Boutelle M G
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Apr 2;16(7):1323-1334. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00777. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
This work describes the use of high resolution online microdialysis coupled with a wireless microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform for continuous monitoring of the effect of cardiac arrest and resuscitation methods on brain glucose and other key neurochemicals in a porcine model. The integrated portable device incorporates low-volume three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic flow cells containing enzyme-based biosensors for glucose, lactate and glutamate measurement and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) for potassium measurement. Both analysis systems incorporate wireless electronics forming a complete compact system that is ideal for use in a crowded clinical environment. Using this integrated system we were able to build a signature of the neurochemical impact of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Our results demonstrate the almost complete depletion of brain glucose following cardiac arrest and the subsequent increase in lactate, highlighting the vulnerability of the brain while the blood flow is compromised. Following a return of spontaneous circulation, glucose levels increased again and remained higher than baseline levels. These trends were correlated with simultaneous blood measurements to provide further explanation of the metabolic changes occurring in the brain. In addition, the onset of cardiac arrest corresponded to a transient increase in potassium. In most cases glutamate levels remained unchanged after cardiac arrest, while in some cases a transient increase was detected. We were also able to validate the trends seen using online microdialysis with traditional discontinuous methods; the two methods showed good agreement although online microdialysis was able to capture dynamic changes that were not seen in the discontinuous data.
这项工作描述了将高分辨率在线微透析与无线微流控电化学传感平台相结合，用于在猪模型中连续监测心脏骤停及复苏方法对脑葡萄糖和其他关键神经化学物质的影响。该集成便携式设备包含小体积三维（3D）打印的微流控流动池，其中含有用于测量葡萄糖、乳酸和谷氨酸的基于酶的生物传感器，以及用于测量钾的基于互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）的离子敏感场效应晶体管（ISFET）。两个分析系统都集成了无线电子设备，形成了一个完整的紧凑型系统，非常适合在拥挤的临床环境中使用。利用这个集成系统，我们能够建立心脏骤停及复苏的神经化学影响特征。我们的结果表明，心脏骤停后脑葡萄糖几乎完全耗尽，随后乳酸增加，突出了在血流受损时脑的脆弱性。自主循环恢复后，葡萄糖水平再次升高并保持高于基线水平。这些趋势与同时进行的血液测量相关，以进一步解释大脑中发生的代谢变化。此外，心脏骤停的发生对应于钾的短暂升高。在大多数情况下，心脏骤停后谷氨酸水平保持不变，而在某些情况下检测到短暂升高。我们还能够用传统的间断方法验证在线微透析所观察到的趋势；尽管在线微透析能够捕捉间断数据中未观察到的动态变化，但两种方法显示出良好的一致性。
