Oh Ju Hyun, Song Jin Woo
Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Intern Med. 2025 Mar;40(2):208-218. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2024.335. Epub 2025 Mar 1.
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are early indicators of interstitial lung disease, often identified incidentally via computed tomography of the chest. This review explores the diagnostic criteria for ILAs as outlined by the Fleischner Society, highlights associated risk factors, examines their impact on patient outcomes, and discusses management strategies. The prevalence of ILAs varies significantly, ranging from 3% to 17% across populations. Key risk factors include advanced age, smoking status, and underlying genetic predispositions. Recent advancements in imaging analysis, particularly through automated quantitative systems, have enhanced the accuracy of ILA detection. Although often subtle in presentation, ILAs hold clinical significance due to their associations with impaired lung function, progressive fibrosis, and increased mortality. Therefore, monitoring and management plans should be individualized to the risk profile of patients. Further studies are needed to refine ILA diagnostic criteria, enhance our understanding of their clinical implications, and establish optimal timing for therapeutic interventions.
间质性肺异常（ILA）是间质性肺疾病的早期指标，通常通过胸部计算机断层扫描偶然发现。本综述探讨了弗莱施纳学会概述的ILA诊断标准，强调了相关风险因素，研究了它们对患者预后的影响，并讨论了管理策略。ILA的患病率差异很大，不同人群中从3%到17%不等。关键风险因素包括高龄、吸烟状况和潜在的遗传易感性。成像分析的最新进展，特别是通过自动化定量系统，提高了ILA检测的准确性。尽管ILA的表现往往很细微，但由于它们与肺功能受损、进行性纤维化和死亡率增加有关，因此具有临床意义。因此，监测和管理计划应根据患者的风险状况进行个体化。需要进一步研究以完善ILA诊断标准，加深我们对其临床意义的理解，并确定治疗干预的最佳时机。
