Wang Ying, Wu Chunmei, Wang Qi, Liu Guoqiu, Hao Ming
School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, University Park, Rongjiang New Area, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
J Eat Disord. 2025 Mar 18;13(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01229-7.
Previous studies have shown that body dissatisfaction is closely related to restrained eating, however, the specific mechanisms and conditions of body dissatisfaction need to be further explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mediating and moderating variables influencing the relations between body dissatisfaction and restrained eating, providing recommendations for the prevention of restrained eating among university students.
Participants comprised 1213 university students who completed the Negative Physical Self Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale, Restrained Eating Scale, and Physical Activity Scale. Data regarding their body measurements were also obtained. A Latent Moderated Structural Equation Approach was constructed to examine the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of physical activity in the relations between body dissatisfaction and restrained eating.
Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with rumination (r = 0.19, p < 0.01), restrained eating was positively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r = 0.45, p < 0.01), and restrained eating was positively correlated with rumination (r = 0.25, p < 0.01). Path analysis of the mediation model and moderated mediation model using structural equation modeling showed that rumination explained 6.5% of the total relations between body dissatisfaction and restrained eating. Physical activity moderated the effect of body dissatisfaction on rumination.
It suggests that as physical activity increased, the relations between body dissatisfaction and rumination were strengthened. Therefore, it is advisable for university students to avoid placing excessive emphasis on using physical activity and restrictive eating to lose weight. Instead, efforts should focus on developing healthy exercise motivations and guiding adolescents toward positive self-perception.
以往研究表明，身体不满与节制饮食密切相关，然而，身体不满的具体机制和条件仍需进一步探索。因此，本研究旨在探讨影响身体不满与节制饮食之间关系的中介和调节变量，为预防大学生节制饮食提供建议。
研究对象为1213名大学生，他们完成了负面身体自我量表、沉思反应量表、节制饮食量表和身体活动量表。还获取了他们的身体测量数据。构建了潜在调节结构方程模型，以检验沉思在身体不满与节制饮食关系中的中介作用以及身体活动的调节作用。
身体不满与沉思呈正相关（r = 0.19，p < 0.01），节制饮食与身体不满呈正相关（r = 0.45，p < 0.01），节制饮食与沉思呈正相关（r = 0.25，p < 0.01）。使用结构方程模型对中介模型和调节中介模型进行路径分析表明，沉思解释了身体不满与节制饮食之间总关系的6.5%。身体活动调节了身体不满对沉思的影响。
这表明随着身体活动的增加，身体不满与沉思之间的关系得到加强。因此，大学生应避免过度强调通过身体活动和限制饮食来减肥。相反，应努力培养健康的运动动机，并引导青少年形成积极的自我认知。
